Immune Responses to the Sexual Stages of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites

Kengne-Ouafo, Jonas A.; Sutherland, Colin J.; Binka, Fred; Awandare, Gordon A.; Urban, Britta C.; Dinko, Bismarck

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00136

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“… CD8 + , CD4 + , T cells Initiate sterilizing immunity that is not naturally acquired but relies solely on this adaptive immune factor. They are also antigen specific and target the intracellular stages of infection Skin and liver [ 5 , 7 , 24 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 75 ] 3. IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2 Protection against sporozoite and blood-stage antigen.…”

Section: Microbiota-induced Protection Against Plasmodium mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2 Protection against sporozoite and blood-stage antigen. Also, involved in the early stage by inhibiting parasite replication Liver [ 52 , 55 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 75 , 111 ] 4. NK, NKT, γδT cells, Macrophages Stimulate the production of nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthase that prevent cytoadherence and resetting of infected red blood cells (RBCs) to uninfected RBCs thereby preventing parasite replication Blood [ 52 , 56 , 60 , 106 , 108 – 111 ] 5.…”

Section: Microbiota-induced Protection Against Plasmodium mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Food for the Stimulation of the Immune System Against Malaria

Bamgbose

Anvikar

Alberdi

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Drug resistance has become a threat to global health, and new interventions are needed to control major infectious diseases. The composition of gut microbiota has been linked to human health and has been associated with severity of malaria. Fermented foods contribute to the community of healthy gut bacteria. Despite the studies connecting gut microbiota to the prevention of malaria transmission and severity, research on developing functional foods for the purpose of manipulating the gut microbiota for malaria control is limited. This review summarizes recent knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in malaria prevention and treatment. This information should encourage the search for lactic acid bacteria expressing α-Gal and those that exhibit the desired immune stimulating properties for the development of functional food and probiotics for malaria control.

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Section: Microbiota-induced Protection Against Plasmodium mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiota-induced Protection Against Plasmodium mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Food for the Stimulation of the Immune System Against Malaria

Bamgbose

Anvikar

Alberdi

et al. 2021

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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“…Immune selection may also produce an unforeseen benefit of vaccination. To date, attempts to make a widely effective vaccine against P. falciparum have been challenged by its antigenic diversity and its extraordinary ability to evade the immune system [58,59]. The most effective vaccine to date, RTS,S/AS01, is only able to prevent approximately 30% of infections [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune selection suppresses the emergence of drug resistance in malaria parasites but facilitates its spread

Whitlock

Juliano

Mideo

2020

Preprint

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Although drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum typically evolves in regions of low transmission, resistance spreads readily following introduction to regions with a heavier disease burden. This suggests that the origin and the spread of resistance are governed by different processes, and that high transmission intensity specifically impedes the origin. Factors associated with high transmission, such as highly immune hosts and competition within genetically diverse infections, are associated with suppression of resistant lineages within hosts. However, interactions between these factors have rarely been investigated and the specific relationship between adaptive immunity and selection for resistance has not been explored. Here, we developed a multiscale, agent-based model of Plasmodium parasites, hosts, and vectors to examine how host and parasite dynamics shape the evolution of resistance in populations with different transmission intensities. We found that selection for antigenic novelty (“immune selection”) and within-host competition both suppressed the evolution of resistance in high transmission settings. We show that high levels of population immunity increased the strength of immune selection relative to selection for resistance. As a result, immune selection delayed the evolution of resistance in high transmission populations by allowing novel, sensitive lineages to remain in circulation at the expense of common, resistant lineages. In contrast, in low transmission populations, we observed that common, resistant strains were able to sweep to high population prevalence without interference. Additionally, we found that the relationship between immune selection and resistance changed when resistance was widespread in the population. Once resistance was common enough to be found on many antigenic backgrounds, immune selection stably maintained resistance in the population because resistance was able to proliferate, even in untreated hosts, when it was linked to a novel epitope. The results of our simulations demonstrate that immune selection plays a major role in observed dynamics of resistance evolution.

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“…To ensure its survival, the malaria parasite has evolved mechanisms for escaping the immune system, such as antigenic variation, sequestration, and cytoadherence phenomena, and the diversity of sequences in non-repetitive regions, among others [ 57 ]. Some mechanisms of molecular secrecy occur during the transit of sporozoites from the place of the mosquito bite to the hepatocytes, during which the parasites molecularly protect vulnerable epitopes of their proteins, such as those known as “smoke screens”; mechanisms or others by which the parasite structurally resembles specific host antigens in order to avoid a given immune response.…”

Section: The Malaria Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Search of a Malaria Vaccine: The Time for Modified Immuno-Potentiating Probes

et al. 2021

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Malaria is a deadly disease that takes the lives of more than 420,000 people a year and is responsible for more than 229 million clinical cases globally. In 2019, 95% of malaria morbidity occurred in African countries. The development of a highly protective vaccine is an urgent task that remains to be solved. Many vaccine candidates have been developed, from the use of the entire attenuated and irradiated pre-erythrocytic parasite forms (or recombinantly expressed antigens thereof) to synthetic candidates formulated in a variety of adjuvants and delivery systems, however these have unfortunately proven a limited efficacy. At present, some vaccine candidates are finishing safety and protective efficacy trials, such as the PfSPZ and the RTS,S/AS01 which are being introduced in Africa. We propose a strategy for introducing non-natural elements into target antigens representing key epitopes of Plasmodium spp. Accordingly, chemical strategies and knowledge of host immunity to Plasmodium spp. have served as the basis. Evidence is obtained after being tested in experimental rodent models for malaria infection and recognized for human sera from malaria-endemic regions. This encourages us to propose such an immune-potentiating strategy to be further considered in the search for new vaccine candidates.

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Immune Responses to the Sexual Stages of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites

Cited by 18 publications

References 153 publications

Functional Food for the Stimulation of the Immune System Against Malaria

Functional Food for the Stimulation of the Immune System Against Malaria

Immune selection suppresses the emergence of drug resistance in malaria parasites but facilitates its spread

The Search of a Malaria Vaccine: The Time for Modified Immuno-Potentiating Probes

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