Immune Responses of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer to Dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Abstract

To understand the impacts of dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the immune responses of Lates calcarifer, the expression of immune-related genes including crp, c-3, c-4, mtor, mlst-8, eif4e, hsp-70, hsp-90, il-8il-8, il-10, tgfβ1, tnf, ifn-γ1, and mxf in L. calcarifer juveniles was evaluated in this study. Fish were fed experimental diets with G. uralensis levels of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% for 56 days. The results showed that dietary G. uralensis could improve the growth and survival of L. calcarifer and regulate the immune-related genes’ expression in L. calcarifer. Dietary G. uralensis significantly upregulated the expression level of crp, mtor, hsp-90, c-3, and c-4 genes in the liver of L. calcarifer, while hsp-70 gene expression was nearly downregulated. It did not upregulate the expression of elf4e and mlst-8 in the 1% and 3% inclusion groups, but it was the exact opposite in the 5% inclusion group. G. uralensis significantly affected the expression of il-8, il-10, tnf, ifn-γ1, mxf, and tgfβ1 in the head kidney of L. calcarifer. G. uralensis upregulated the expression of tnf and tgfβ1 consistently, but ifn-γ1 was at a low expression level. The expression of il-8 and il-10 was upregulated in the 1% group, while it was downregulated in the 5% group. The results from the present study indicate that dietary G. uralensis appeared to improve the immune function of L. calcarifer, and the optimum inclusion level should be between 1–3%.

Effects of Glycyrrhizin (GL) Supplementation on Survival, Growth Performance, Expression of Feeding-Related Genes, Activities of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant Capacity, and Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae

“…In this study, the supplementation of 0.02% GL could decrease the mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors (il-1β and il-6) and increase the mRNA expression of antiinflammatory factor (il-10), which probably due to the higher proportion of GL supplementation could better reflect the anti-inflammatory capacity of GL. Similar results have been confirmed in studies of silver carp [24], Asian seabass [21], blunt snout bream [22], and yellow catfish [41]. In summary, the supplementation of 0.02% GL could alleviate the inflammation of large yellow croaker larvae.…”

Sustainable Applications of Endophytic Bacteria and Their Physiological/Biochemical Roles on Medicinal and Herbal Plants: Review

“…Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC) is a leguminous herb that is native to Asia [ 32 ], but it is now grown in many parts of the world [ 32 ]. The roots of G. uralensis produce a variety of terpenoids and flavonoids.…”

“…The roots of G. uralensis produce a variety of terpenoids and flavonoids. Bacterial strains were isolated from the root nodules of G. uralensis and G. glabra to identify and classify them, as well as to determine their level of stress tolerance [ 30 , 32 ]. Based on 113 physiological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates were clustered into three groups.…”

Recent Advances in Fish Nutrition: Insights on the Nutritional Implications of Modern Formulations

“…Apparently, the anti-inflammatory function of andrographolide was mainly related to the suppression of the Toll-like signalling pathway. Similarly, better performance of barramundi juveniles fed diets containing up to 3% Glycyrrhiza uralensis (lowering plant native to several Asian countries) was found [4]. According to the authors, this performance improvement (based on growth, immunity, and survival) was mainly related to the expression of immune-related genes in fish liver and kidney.…”