This vaginal inflammation was observed to decrease with a decrease in PMN. 2,14,15 Neutrophils do not always play a protective role, as uncontrolled influx of neutrophils in the vagina provokes and amplifies pathogenic inflammation. 10,16,17 Damage to the vaginal epithelium occurs by a series of mechanisms as above as well as other factors such as hyphae elongation and the simultaneous release of fungal peptide toxin secretion (Candidalysin). 18,19 Most women with RVVC (71%) require long-term antifungal treatment as maintenance therapy to