SUMMARYCryptococcosis is a leading invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Considering the high prevalence and severity of these infections in immunocompromised patients attended at HC-FMRP-USP, the present research aimed to characterize the clinical isolates of Cryptococcus strains by biochemical and molecular methods and evaluate antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates. Fifty isolates from 32 HIV-positive patients were obtained at HC-FMRP-USP. Most of the isolates (78.1%) were identified as C. neoformans, and 100% of C. neoformans and C. gattii strains were susceptible to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and fluconazole. All isolates were classified as serotype A (grubbii variety) by PCR and most of them were characterized in mating type MATa. PCR analysis of specific M13 microsatellite sequence revealed that VNI type was predominant among C. neoformans, while VGII was predominant among C. gattii. The strains did not show a significant resistance to the antifungals tested, and Canavanine-Glycine-Bromthymol Blue Agar (CGB) proved to be a reliable test presenting a good correlation with the molecular characterization. C. neoformans isolated from disseminated infections in the same patient showed molecular identity when different anatomical sites were compared; besides, the studied strains did not present a significant increase in resistance to antifungal agents. In addition, the homogeneity of the molecular types and detection of the mating types suggested a low possibility of crossing among the strains.
Abstract:Vulvovaginal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that affects most women in adult life, but the defense mechanism remains to be elucidated. Animals treated with estradiol were inoculated with Candida albicans having high virulence power. The experimental control consisted of animal groups treated with estradiol and animals without treatment that were inoculated with physiologic serum. The vaginal wall was collected, at different times. The material was destined to the counting of Colony Forming Units (CFU), detection of PGE2, IgE and histological staining (hematoxylin and eosin, silver and toluidine blue) for the study of the infected vaginal section. Experimental infection was predominant due to hyphae and pseudohyphae parasitism, involving the keratinized layer of the vaginal stratified squamous epithelium, without compromise submucosal or muscular layer. Furthermore, it was observed mast and polymorphonuclear cells on vaginal tissue in response to the infection. On the other hand, IgE and PGE2 participated in the response to experimental C. albicans vaginal infection. The raise in these mediators matches with the load fungal increase during the infection evolution and with the presence of mast cell. These results suggest a probable atopic component involved in the vaginal candidiasis pathogenesis.
Resumo: FUNDAMENTOS -Não está definido como o meio de transporte e o intervalo de tempo até o processamento final interferem no isolamento de fungos patogênicos em material obtido de biópsias de pele. OBJETIVOS -Determinar o efeito da inoculação tardia de biópsias de pele, transportadas em diferentes meios líquidos, na taxa de isolamento de fungos patogênicos. MÉTODOS -De 47 pacientes com lesões cutâneas suspeitas de micoses invasivas obtiveram-se 278 bióp-sias das lesões. Cada biópsia foi transportada em frascos com caldo Sabouraud com cloranfenicol ou solução salina de cloreto de sódio e inoculada em ágar Sabouraud após 48-72 horas (precoce) ou após 72 horas até sete dias (tardio), constituindo-se quatro grupos de estudo. RESULTADOS -As medianas das taxas de isolamento dos quatro grupos de esporotricose foram 100% e de paracoccidioidomicose foram 84% e 50% nos grupos precoces/solução salina ou caldo Sabouraud e 64% e 84% nos grupos tardios/solução salina ou caldo Sabouraud, respectivamente (p=0,88 48-72-hour (early) or after 72-hour-7-day (late)
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