Immune response and reactions to various dose regimens for raising hyperimmune antisera in sheep

Cox, John C.; Liefman, C. E.; Premier, Robert; Chandler, Howard M.; Herrington, R.W.; Middleton, H.; Hurrell, John G.R.

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(84)90028-x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Additionally, an effect due to the volume injected can be excluded in the present study since the maximum vol_diff was not found in group C where the injection volume was 5 ml, but was found in group F where the injection volume was only 1 ml (Table 1). Adjuvants also have an important influence on the local reaction as reported in previous studies 33 41–44. Studies by Lambell34 and Ross and Titterington33 reported severe side effects after footrot vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Adjuvants also have an important influence on the local reaction as reported in previous studies. 33 [41][42][43][44] Studies by Lambell 34 and Ross and Titterington 33 reported severe side effects after footrot vaccination. Ross and Titterington 33 showed that an oil-based vaccine results in larger lesions than alum-precipitated vaccine and our results agree with this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging to detect local tissue reactions after vaccination in sheep in vivo

Bernau

Kremer-Rücker

Kreuzer

et al. 2017

Veterinary Record Open

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ObjectivesVaccination is one of the most effective methods to keep up the health status in humans and in livestock. Therefore, farm animals are vaccinated several times during their lifetime. Although vaccines are being checked regarding their local reactogenicity, side effects occur frequently—especially in the case of the application of adjuvanted products. Many reports exist about local reactions in sheep. The present study aimed at testing MRI as a method to document injection site reactions three-dimensionally.DesignTwo groups of Merino lambs (n=16 each) were vaccinated subcutaneously into the left neck side. Two different, licensed inactivated vaccines were used. Both groups of lambs were anaesthetised and scanned using MRI at days 1, 3, 8, 15, 22 and 29 after vaccination.SettingThe study was performed on a commercial-like farm.ParticipantsThirty-two Merino lambs entered the experiment, 16 male and 16 female ones (one animal died at day 22 after vaccination). At first examination day they were approximately three months old.Primary and secondary outcome measuresVolume differences were measured between vaccination and control neck side to evaluate the time pattern of local tissue reactions.ResultsLocal tissue reactions were visible on the skin surface and also appeared in deeper tissue layers on MRI. These deeper reactions would not have been found without MRI or, alternatively, without sacrificing the animals. Some of these extensive local reactions lasted for more than 29 days.ConclusionsThe in vivo MRI results proved suitable to record local tissue reactions in terms of three-dimensional extent over a longer period of time in large farm animals without the need to sacrifice test animals. A three-dimensional MRI examination of the injection site during regulatory licensing studies offers an objective evaluation that could be used in a benefit-risk assessment of veterinary vaccines.Trial registration numberDistrict Government of Upper Bavaria:55.2-1-54-2532-2-13.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging to detect local tissue reactions after vaccination in sheep in vivo

Bernau

Kremer-Rücker

Kreuzer

et al. 2017

Veterinary Record Open

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“…Clostridium tetani was cultur ed in a protein-free casein-hydrolysate medium under anaerobic condi tions. At harvesting the toxin concentration was approximately 60 in vitro Limes flocculation units (Lf)/ml, and after ultrafiltration (Amicon XM100A filter) the concentration was approximately 1,000 Lf/ml [16], The concentrated toxin was stored at 4°C with sodium azide added to a final concentration of 0.1%. Under these conditions the crude toxin proved to be stable for more than 5 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Assay for Human Tetanus Anti-Toxin and Its Use in the Accession of Human Plasma for the Production of High-Titre Tetanus Immunoglobulin

Kenrick¹,

Wallace²,

Ismay³

1990

Vox Sanguinis

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A simplified passive haemagglutination (PHA) screening test, an improved quantitative PH A assay, and a stable test cell preparation are described, as well as a comprehensive testing strategy which have been used in concert at this Service over the past 10 years for the successful accession of high-titre tetanus anti-toxin (TAT) plasma for fractionation into human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG). The sequential deployment of the screening and quantitative assays, has permitted large numbers of donors to be screened quickly and economically, and has helped establish a significant core of regular donors with high TAT levels. The assays have proven to be highly sensitive and specific and relatively simple to perform, while the coated cells are inexpensive and easily prepared. Approximately 20% of donors screened from the Sydney metropolitan area had TAT levels of 3 IU/ml or greater.

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Comparison of protective immunity and inflammatory responses of pigs following immunization with different Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae preparations with and without adjuvants

Hall

Molitor

Joo

et al. 1989

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Immune response and reactions to various dose regimens for raising hyperimmune antisera in sheep

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging to detect local tissue reactions after vaccination in sheep in vivo

Magnetic resonance imaging to detect local tissue reactions after vaccination in sheep in vivo

An Improved Assay for Human Tetanus Anti-Toxin and Its Use in the Accession of Human Plasma for the Production of High-Titre Tetanus Immunoglobulin

Comparison of protective immunity and inflammatory responses of pigs following immunization with different Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae preparations with and without adjuvants

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