Comparison of protective immunity and inflammatory responses of pigs following immunization with different Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae preparations with and without adjuvants

Hall, Wendell H.; Molitor, Thomas W.; Joo, Heesoo; Pijoan, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(89)90059-7

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Early studies with oil-based vaccines resulted in high antibody titers, but these vaccines were associated with an unacceptable incidence of site reactions. Subcutaneous injection of oil-based vaccines, particularly those containing mineral oils, can cause site lesions in pigs (Hall et al, 1989;Straw et al, 1985Straw et al, , 1990. Although this may not be a great problem in pigs slaughtered many months after vaccination (Oishi et al, 1997), it is an important consideration when pigs are being slaughtered a short period of time after vaccination, such as is the case for the use of an immunocastration protocol that makes optimum use of the male characteristics of boars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination of boars with a GnRH vaccine (Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance.

Dunshea

Colantoni

Howard

et al. 2001

Journal of Animal Science

335

262

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Peri- and postpubertal boars accumulate substances (e.g., androstenone and skatole) in their fatty tissue that are responsible for boar taint in pork. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a GnRH vaccine, Improvac, in eliminating boar taint. Three hundred male (200 intact boars, 100 barrows) crossbred (Large White x Landrace) pigs were used in a 2 x 3 factorially arranged experiment. The respective factors were sex group (barrows, boars treated with placebo, or boars treated with Improvac) and slaughter age (23 or 26 wk). Vaccines were administered 8 and 4 wk before slaughter. All Improvac-treated pigs exhibited anti-GnRH titers. Testes and bulbo-urethral gland weights in treated pigs were reduced by approximately 50% (P < 0.001) and serum testosterone levels were below 2 ng/mL in the majority of treated boars (94 and 92% across both age groups at 2 and 4 wk, respectively). Boar taint, as assessed by the concentration of androstenone and skatole in s.c. fat, was suppressed to low or undetectable levels in 100% of Improvac-treated boars. No Improvac-treated pigs had significant concentrations of either androstenone (> 1.0 microg/g) or skatole (> 0.20 microg/g). In contrast, 49.5% of placebo-treated controls had significant androstenone and 10.8% had significant skatole levels, resulting in 10% of the control boars with high concentrations of both compounds. The mean concentrations of taint compounds in the Improvac-treated pigs were not significantly different from those in barrows. Improvac-treated boars grew more rapidly (P = 0.051 and < 0.001 for pigs slaughtered at 23 and 26 wk of age, respectively) than control boars over the 4 wk after the secondary vaccination, possibly because of reduced sexual and aggressive activities. Compared with barrows, Improvac-treated boars were leaner and had superior feed conversion efficiency. The vaccine was well tolerated by the pigs, and no observable site reactions could be detected at the time of slaughter. Vaccination of boars with Improvac allows production of heavy boars with improved meat quality through prevention and control of boar taint.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination of boars with a GnRH vaccine (Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance.

Dunshea

Colantoni

Howard

et al. 2001

Journal of Animal Science

335

262

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…25 Seroconversion and detectable levels of A. pleuropneumoniae IgG antibodies have been reported to appear between 1 to 3 weeks 7 or 2 to 4 weeks 25,29 after experimental infection. The levels of IgG antibody typically increase 2 weeks after A. pleuropneumoniae vaccination 21 but titers vary depending on the type of adjuvant utilized. 21 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, or small rod-shaped bacterium that can be divided into 2 biovars: biovar 1 depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for growth in vitro, whereas biovar 2 does not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of IgG antibody typically increase 2 weeks after A. pleuropneumoniae vaccination 21 but titers vary depending on the type of adjuvant utilized. 21 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, coccoid, or small rod-shaped bacterium that can be divided into 2 biovars: biovar 1 depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for growth in vitro, whereas biovar 2 does not. 34 Currently, A. pleuropneumoniae of both biovars can be classified into 15 recognized serovars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological detection ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeon samples of known or unknown exposure

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Accurate diagnosis of exposure to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is important for maintaining negative farms. In the present study, the ability of a dual-plate complement fixation (CF) assay and 3 commercially available enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3) in detecting serological evidence of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure was compared using serum samples of experimentally infected or vaccinated pigs, or field samples from the United States. Forty-two pigs were divided into groups of 2 pigs and were inoculated with 1 of 15 A. pleuropneumoniae strains representing all known serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae, or with Actinobacillus suis, or were vaccinated with a bacterin containing A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, 3, 5, or 7. Serum samples collected at the day of inoculation or vaccination and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days later were used to compare the assays. On samples from experimentally infected pigs, the dual-plate CF assay, quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3 had sensitivities of 0.46, 0.74, 0.13, and 0.13 and specificities of 0.90, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively. Vaccinated pigs were identified only by the dual-plate CF assay and the quad-plate ELISA-1. In addition, 90 serum samples with unknown A. pleuropneumoniae exposure collected under field conditions were tested with all assays. The agreement of the 4 assays on field samples was slight to fair. While several assays are available for demonstration of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure, differences in assay targets complicate test choices. Decisions on which assay or combination of assays to use depend on the specific reasons for running the assays.

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“…In the current study, there were significantly (P < 0.05) increased mucosal concentrations of TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 after oral and IP immunisation (Table ), as well as increased IL‐6 (P = 0.059). Although the protein concentrations of mucosal secretions were standardised between studies, and the pigs were healthy and without signs of diarrhoea, the range of mucosal responses of individual pigs can vary substantially in on‐farm trials . Compared with the higher quantities of cytokines reported previously, the concentrations of IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in the present trial may reflect the use of antibiotics, the different gastrointestinal microflora in the piglets or the timing of sampling, but the aim was to highlight the response to L. intracellularis .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the present study, oral and IP vaccination consistently elicited the highest mucosal responses (Table ). It was anticipated from previous reports that the serosal surface of the intestine and draining mesenteric lymph nodes may be stimulated by IP delivery, especially if accompanied by inflammatory adjuvant or bacterial components, and would induce mucosal immunity with secretion of bioactive products into the intestinal lumen. Previously, IP vaccination with adjuvant protected pigs from lung lesions caused by M. hyopneumoniae or A. pleuropneumoniae infection …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the route of administration on the mucosal and systemic immune responses to Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in pigs

Nogueira

Collins

Rh³

et al. 2015

Aust Veterinary J

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In an on-farm study, 40 weaned piglets aged 3 weeks were vaccinated with Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine orally, IM or IP while a fourth group remained unvaccinated. All vaccinated animals showed increased serum levels of L. intracellularis-specific IgG antibodies, but significantly elevated concentrations of specific IgG, IgA and cytokines were generated in ileal mucosal secretions from the orally and IP vaccinated pigs when examined at 17 days after vaccination.

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Comparison of protective immunity and inflammatory responses of pigs following immunization with different Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae preparations with and without adjuvants

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Vaccination of boars with a GnRH vaccine (Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance.

Vaccination of boars with a GnRH vaccine (Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance.

Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological detection ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeon samples of known or unknown exposure

Effect of the route of administration on the mucosal and systemic immune responses to Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in pigs

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