Immune response and cytokine production following immunization with experimental herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) vaccines

Ďurmanová, Vladimı́ra; Sapák, Michal; Košovský, Ján; Režuchová, Ingeborg; Kúdelová, M; Buc, Milan; Rajčáni, J

doi:10.1007/s12223-008-0011-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Subsequent protein studies also confirmed a significantly higher induced expression of TNF-α, CXCL10, and CCL5 in cells upon infection by HSV [22]. In a separate study, Balb/c mice immunized with a recombinant protein of HSV-1 ectodomain triggered secretion of T helper cells type 1 (TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and T helper cells type 2 (IL-4 and -6) cytokines which were detected in the medium fluid of purified peripheral blood and splenocyte cultures [23]. Production of these cytokines could initiate an inflammatory response that facilitates the entry of HSV into the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Transfected Human Brain Micro-Vascular Endothelial Cell Integrity during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

et al. 2018

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Objective: Herpes simplex virus infection through the neuronal route is the most well-studied mode of viral encephalitis that can persists in a human host for a lifetime. However, the involvement of other possible infection mechanisms by the virus remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to determine the temporal effects and mechanisms by which the virus breaches the human brain micro-vascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Method: An electrical cell-substrate impedance-sensing tool was utilized to study the real-time cell-cell barrier or morphological changes in response to the virus infection. Results: Herpes simplex virus, regardless of type (i.e., 1 or 2), reduced the cell-cell barrier resistance almost immediately after virus addition to endothelial cells, with negligible involvement of cell-matrix adhesion changes. There is no exclusivity in the infection ability of endothelial cells. From 30 h after HSV infection, there was an increase in cell membrane capacitance with a subsequent loss of cell-matrix adhesion capability, indicating a viability loss of the infected endothelial cells. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that destruction of human brain micro-vascular endothelial cells as an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier could be an alternative invasion mechanism during herpes simplex virus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Transfected Human Brain Micro-Vascular Endothelial Cell Integrity during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, the authors also showed that the animals were resistant to the challenge with a lethal HSV dose. Later on, the recombinant proteins were prepared by transfection of plasmids (carrying the gD and/or gB ORFs) into competent Escherichia coli cells, which expressed the corresponding not glycosylated polypeptides [90,[95][96][97][98][99][100]. Recombinant glycoproteins (including gC) were also prepared in insect and/or mammalian cells, in which the recombinant products could be glycosylated [101].…”

Section: Recombinant Hsv-1 and Hsv-2 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 Vaccine Design: What can we Learn from the Past?

Ďurmanová¹,

Adamkov²,

Rajčáni³

2016

Herpesviridae

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This chapter is devoted to the topics of not yet marketed HSV vaccine, which is still in the focus of interest, especially from the point of immunotherapeutic use. To understand the principles of vaccination strategies (prophylactic and/or immunotherapeutic), the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and/or HSV-2 infections in animal models is briefly outlined. Even when both herpesviruses may spread via bloodstream, which is especially true in the immunocompromised host, the main route of their transmission is along peripheral nerves. Both viruses establish latency in ganglion cells, and after reactivation, they spread along axons back to the site of primary infection. Since neither the establishment of latency nor its reactivation can be fully controlled by virus-neutralizing antibodies, the outcome of immune response greatly depends on the activity of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. The majority of important antigenic epitopes is located in envelope glycoproteins (such as gB, gD, gE, gC and gG) that are related to virus adsorption and penetration into susceptible cells. The HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 experimental vaccines designed so far were either purified virion products derived from infected cells (subunit vaccines), purified recombinant immunogenic herpes simplex virus HSV-coded proteins (especially gD), and/or attenuated live viruses lacking some of virulence tools (such as gH and/or gE). We bring a comprehensive overview of the efficacy of experimental HSV-1/HSV-2 vaccines and discuss our own data. In conclusion, we believe in the continued demand of HSV-1 and HSV-2 vaccines, at least for their immunotherapeutic use, suggesting unified evaluation criteria for clinical trials to reach consent at their interpretation.

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Expression and immunogenicity of recombinant glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus 1 in Drosophila S2 cells

Mao

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2016

Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for cold sores in the general population, but also contributes to the development of other more serious diseases in some circumstances. The viral glycoprotein D (gD) is essential for virus entry into host cells. In the present study, the Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) expression system (DES) was evaluated for the expression of recombinant gD1. The DNA sequences encoding the full-length gD1 (369aa, FLgD1) and a truncated gD1 form corresponding to the ectodomain (314aa, EgD1) were cloned into S2 expression vector pMT/BiP/V5-HisA to generate pMT-EgD1 and pMT-FLgD1, respectively. Two forms of gD1 gene were fitted with a hexahistidine tag to facilitate their purification. Cell populations expressing the highest gD1 levels were selected by using a limiting dilution assay. Western blot, flow cytometry (FACS), and confocal immunofluoresence assay demonstrated that the full-length form is restrained in the lipid membranes of the cell and the ectodomain form is secreted into the medium. Recombinant ectodomain gD1 was scaled up and purified from the culture medium using nickel nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography, and a maximum production level of 56.8 mg/L of recombinant gD1 was obtained in a shake-flask culture of S2 cells after induction with 5 µM CdCl2 for 4 days. Mice were then immunized with recombinant purified gD1 and produced high titers of antibody measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; 1:5,120,000) as well as high plaque neutralization titer (1:320). Overall, the data indicated that stable expression in S2 cells is a practical way of synthesizing gD1 for use in structural and functional studies in the further study.

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Immune response and cytokine production following immunization with experimental herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) vaccines

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Loss of Transfected Human Brain Micro-Vascular Endothelial Cell Integrity during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Loss of Transfected Human Brain Micro-Vascular Endothelial Cell Integrity during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 Vaccine Design: What can we Learn from the Past?

Expression and immunogenicity of recombinant glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus 1 in Drosophila S2 cells

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