Immune response against equine gammaherpesvirus in Icelandic horses

Svansson, Vilhjálmur; Roelse, Mieke; Ólafsdóttir, Guðbjörg Ásta; Thorsteinsdóttir, Lilja; Torfason, Einar G.; Torsteinsdóttir, Sigurbjörg

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.020

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The IgG1 and IgG1/3 response occurred very early, as antibody levels were already significantly higher than in the preimmune sera two weeks after the 1st immunization but they also decreased quite rapidly. This is in accordance with previous studies (Goodman et al, 2012;Svansson et al, 2009;Wagner, 2006). Immunization with the r-allergens also induced antibodies of the IgG4/7 and IgG5 but a significant increase in these IgG subclasses was only seen two weeks after the 2nd immunization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The IgG subclasses differ in function, with IgG1, IgG3, IgG4 and IgG7 being the equine immunoglobulins that bind complement (Lewis et al, 2008) and are important in protection against viral and bacterial infections (Goodman et al, 2012;Lopez et al, 2002;Nelson et al, 1998;Sheoran et al, 1997;Soboll et al, 2003;Svansson et al, 2009). They are therefore the IgG subclasses which it is vital to raise in Th1-mediated vaccinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. ) The IgG4/7 antibodies represent the most prevalent isotype in horse serum and are important for secondary immune responses and in latent infections, whereas IgG1 is mainly produced in primary infections and is rather short lived (Goodman et al, 2012;Svansson et al, 2009;Wagner, 2006). The only biting insects known to bite mammals in Iceland are Simulium vittatum (Johannsson, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Developing a preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity using recombinant allergens: A pilot study

Jónsdóttir

Hamza

Janda

et al. 2015

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Developing a preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity using recombinant allergens: A pilot study

Jónsdóttir

Hamza

Janda

et al. 2015

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…A range of applications have been utilised for cytokine determinations in leukocytes of healthy horses, including mRNA-expression analyses of cytokines (Edmonds et al, 2001;Ainsworth et al, 2003;Vick et al, 2007;Adams et al, 2008Adams et al, , 2009Svansson et al, 2009), intracellular immunofluorescence (Adams et al, , 2009Hamza et al, 2010), and ELISA or bead-based analyses of cell culture supernatants (Desjardins et al, 2004;Adams et al, 2008Adams et al, , 2009Hamza et al, 2010) or serum (Vick et al, 2007;Lavoie-Lamoureux et al, 2012a,b). In general, reference values for the cytokines expressed are lacking and comparability is hampered by the differences in experimental conditions and assay systems used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of age and sex on leukocytes of healthy horses and their ex vivo cytokine release

Schnabel

Steinig

Schuberth

et al. 2015

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…Fresh RK-13 cells were then infected as before with this EqFKCs supernatant and incubated for 8 days when the supernatant was harvested and plaque purification carried out in EqFKCs as previously described. 26 In brief, 80-90% confluent EqFKCs were inoculated with the harvested supernatant for 1 hr at 37uC, the supernatant was then removed, and an overlay of 1% agarose in growth medium with 10% fetal bovine serum was added. Plates were incubated in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 at 37uC and observed for cytopathic effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and Partial Sequencing ofEquid Herpesvirus 5from a Horse in Iceland

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Horses are hosts to 2 types of gammaherpesviruses, Equid herpesvirus 2 and 5 (EHV-2 and EHV-5, respectively). Both EHV-2 and EHV-5 are common in horses in Iceland. An Icelandic EHV-5 isolate was recovered by sequential culture in primary fetal horse kidney and rabbit kidney cells. Glycoprotein B, glycoprotein H, and DNA terminase genes of the isolate were fully sequenced, and the DNA polymerase gene was partly sequenced. To date, the glycoprotein B gene of EHV-5 was the only gene that has been reported to be completely sequenced in addition to small parts of the glycoprotein H, DNA polymerase, and DNA terminase genes. The present report, therefore, is a significant addition to previously reported EHV-5 sequences.Key words: Equid herpesvirus 5; gammaherpesviruses; horses; sequencing; virus isolation.Five herpesviruses are known to infect horses; 2 of them, Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) and Equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5), are closely related 1,7,27 (order Herpesvirales, family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, genus Percavirus). Foals become infected with EHV-2 and EHV-5 at 1-6 months of age, probably via the upper respiratory tract. 3,15,21 After the primary infection, the virus establishes a latent infection, most likely in the case of EHV-2 in B lymphocytes. 10 Equid herpesvirus 2 has been associated with keratoconjunctivitis, respiratory disease, pneumonia, pharyngitis, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and lack of appetite. 2,6,8,11,18,20,25 Equid herpesvirus 5 was recently associated with multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. 29 Equid herpesvirus 2 has been detected in the majority of horses worldwide, and EHV-5 is also widespread but less common. 5,9,22,24 The 2 viruses have a strong serologic cross reactivity 1,23 and may coexist in the same horse. 7 Less is known about EHV-5 than about EHV-2, and only a few isolates have been described. 4 The 2 viruses have been shown to be common in Iceland. 28 The current report describes the isolation of EHV-5 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a 9-year-old mare (isolate BB5). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 Listeria monocytogenes-infected horses 16 were cocultured with primary fetal equine kidney cells (EqFKC) as previously described. a-c,28 Two isolates, BB5 and BB11, were shown, with type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to be mixtures of EHV-2 and EHV-5.Plaque purification of EHV-5 was attempted in EqFKCs but was not successful until the BB5 and BB11 isolates were alternately passaged in EqFKCs and rabbit kidney cells (RK-13), d which have previously been used for isolation of EHV-5. 4,12 The RK-13 cells were infected with BB5 or BB11 supernatant from EqFKCs and incubated for 8 days. The supernatant from the RK-13 cells was subsequently harvested and used to infect fresh EqFKCs that were incubated until they showed almost 100% cytopathology. Fresh RK-13 cells were then infected as before with this EqFKCs supernatant and incubated for 8 days when the supernatant was harvested and plaque purification carried out in EqFKCs as pre...

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Immune response against equine gammaherpesvirus in Icelandic horses

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Developing a preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity using recombinant allergens: A pilot study

Developing a preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity using recombinant allergens: A pilot study

Influences of age and sex on leukocytes of healthy horses and their ex vivo cytokine release

Isolation and Partial Sequencing ofEquid Herpesvirus 5from a Horse in Iceland

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