Immune gene expression in swine macrophages expressing the Torque Teno Sus Virus1 (TTSuV1) ORF-1 and 2 proteins

Singh, Pankaj; Ramamoorthy, Sheela

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.004

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…IL-4 is involved in all major aspects of inflammatory responses 18 . IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, down-regulates macrophage activity in swine 19 , 20 . In this study, the mRNA abundance of IL-8 in the kidney and IL-6 in the spleen were significantly higher in the lysine-restricted group compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary lysine restriction on inflammatory responses in piglets

Han

Yin

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lysine restriction on inflammatory responses in piglets. 38 male piglets with similar body weight of 9.62 kg were randomly divided into control group (basal diet) and lysine-restricted group (diet containing 70% lysine of the control diet). The results showed that lysine restriction increased the serum concentration of IgG an IgM. Piglets fed the lysine-restricted diet exhibited overexpression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the kidney (P < 0.05) and IL-6 and IL-4 in the spleen (P < 0.05). The mRNA abundances of IL-4 in the kidney (P < 0.05) and IL-10 in the liver (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the lysine-restricted group compared with the control group. Meanwhile, lysine restriction increased the mRNA level of Tlr8 in the kidney (P < 0.05) but decreased the mRNA level of Tlr8 in the liver (P < 0.05). Finally, lysine restriction markedly enhanced extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in the kidney and liver and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) was activated in the liver and spleen in response to dietary lysine restriction. In conclusion, lysine restriction affected inflammatory responses in the kidney, liver, and spleen via mediating serum antibody volume, inflammatory cytokines, Tlrs system, and ERK1/2 and NF-κB signals in piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary lysine restriction on inflammatory responses in piglets

Han

Yin

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Although prevalence is a multifactorial variable, the marked prevalence differences reported worldwide, which range from 80% to 90% in Spain and China (McKweon, Fenaux, Halbur, & Meng, ) to lower values of 33%–40% in the United States (McKweon et al., ) and Mexico (Vargas, ) might be related to the great variety of systems and types of producers in these countries, where in Mexico even a large number of small producers can be found in the urban area.. Such variations and exchange of Lysine among different genotypes of TTSuV1a may influence host's ability to start an immune response since an ORF2‐associated suppression of NF‐κβ has been described (Zheng et al., ; Singh & Ramamoorthy, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conformational change in the precise site of dominant epitopes can have a relevant impact in immune function, particularly on immunoglobulin production. It has been found that several IgGs are able to bind to ORF1 (Singh & Ramamoorthy, ; Jarasova & Celer, ; Liu et al., ; Giménez‐Lirola et al., ; Nieto, Martínez‐Guinó, Jiménez‐Melsio, Segalés, & Kekarainen, ) and ORF2 products (Jiménez‐Melsió et al., ) from TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the ORF2 of Torque teno sus virus 1a and Torque teno sus virus 1b detected in cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Mexico

Vargas-Ruiz¹,

García-Camacho²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Worldwide Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV, genus Iotatorquevirus) species have been regarded as possible agents associated with porcine circovirus-associated disease. Iotatorquevirus species possess high genomic variability, suggesting that diverse genotypes are widely geographically distributed. In this study, we validated the genomic variability of Iotaroquevirus species in pigs with postweaned multisystemic wasting syndrome. Genomic DNA from nine TTSuV1a-positive tissues and 15 TTSuV1b-positive tissues was used to amplify the complete ORF2 of each species by nested PCR to perform a molecular characterization. It was found that Mexican TTSuV1a sequences belong to genotype B, sharing phylogenetic origin, high nucleic acid and amino acid sequence similarity and dominant epitope conformation with commercially linked countries, such as the United States, Canada and China, whereas the Mexican TTSuV1b sequences belong to genotype A, being more divergent among each other and displaying low nucleotide identity with worldwide genotype A sequences. In both Iotatorquevirus species, a PTPase-like signature motif was identified in the predicted amino acid sequence, being more conserved for Mexican TTSuV1b sequences than for Mexican TTSuV1a sequences, in which several substitutions were observed. These changes may influence the conformation of dominant epitopes as different arrays were determined among TTSuV1a genotypes. ORF2 variability may account for pathogenic differences by modifying viral replication and immune response, as depicted for human TTV.

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“…All reagents and PK15N and ST cells used were previously tested and found to be negative for TTSuVs and PCVs. Recombinant TTSuV1 (Gen Bank KT037083) and PCV2b 41513 (Gen Bank ALD62452) were rescued by transfection as previously described ( Singh and Ramamoorthy, 2016a , b ; Rakibuzzaman et al, 2021 ), with the exception that the genomes were dimerized to enable direct transfection and rescue without the need for excision and recircularization of the viral genome. In addition, a V5 tag encoding the amino acid sequence GKPIPNPLLGLDST was inserted into the 3′ end of the TTSuV1 ORF1 by overlap extension PCR and directional cloning to serve as a genetic and antigenic marker for the cloned TTSuV1 genomic DNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a V5 tag encoding the amino acid sequence GKPIPNPLLGLDST was inserted into the 3′ end of the TTSuV1 ORF1 by overlap extension PCR and directional cloning to serve as a genetic and antigenic marker for the cloned TTSuV1 genomic DNA. The TTSuV1 ORF1 gene was cloned and expressed as described before ( Singh and Ramamoorthy, 2016a , b ). The PCV1 rep was amplified using forward primer 5′-CTGAggatgcGCCACCATGCCCAGCAAGAAGAATG-3′ and reverse primer 5′-AGCTctcgagGTAATTTATTTCATATGGAAA-3′ from the PCV1 + PK15 cell cultures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-replicase helper activity of porcine circoviruses promotes the synergistic replication of torque teno virus

Ssemadaali,

Islam,

Fang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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While the primary pathogenic potential of torque teno viruses (TTVs) is yet to be defined, TTVs are often co-detected with other pathogens and are suspected of exacerbating clinical disease in coinfections. Swine TTVs (TTSuVs) enhance clinical signs of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in a gnotobiotic pig model. However, the mechanisms involved are unknown. In this study, we observed that co-culture of TTSuV1 and PCV1, and specifically supplementing TTSuV1 cultures with the PCV replicase protein in trans consistently resulted in higher levels of replication of TTSuV1 when compared to TTSuV1 cultured alone. Therefore, the hypothesis that the PCV replicase (rep) protein has trans-replicase helper activity for TTSuV1 was examined. Based on EMSA and reporter gene assays, it was determined that the PCV1 rep directly interacted with the TTSuV1 UTR. The TTSuV1 rep trans-complemented a PCV rep null mutant virus, indicating that the TTSuV1 and PCV1 replicase proteins supported the replication of both viruses. In mice, the administration of plasmids encoding the PCV1 rep and a TTSuV1 infectious clone resulted in the production of higher TTSuV1 genome copies in dually exposed mice when compared to singly exposed mice. Higher sero-conversion and lymphoid hyperplasia were also observed in the dually exposed experimental mice. Thus, this study provides evidence for trans-replicase activity of PCVs and TTVs as a novel mechanism of explaining enhanced viral replication in coinfections involving both viruses.

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Immune gene expression in swine macrophages expressing the Torque Teno Sus Virus1 (TTSuV1) ORF-1 and 2 proteins

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of dietary lysine restriction on inflammatory responses in piglets

Effects of dietary lysine restriction on inflammatory responses in piglets

Molecular characterization of the ORF2 of Torque teno sus virus 1a and Torque teno sus virus 1b detected in cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Mexico

Trans-replicase helper activity of porcine circoviruses promotes the synergistic replication of torque teno virus

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