Immune functions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): Evaluation of phagocytosis and respiratory burst with peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry

Guise, Sylvain De; Flipo, Denis; Boehm, Jeffrey R.; Martineau, Daniel; Béland, Pierre; Fournier, Michel

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(94)05399-d

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Hormone secretion such as aldosterone and corticosteroids is rapidly when animals receive stress, and then the hormones cause redistribution, lysis, or impaired communication between immunocompetent cells [6,9,18] and thus interfere with a limiting step of immune system reactions. Although some researchers have shown that beluga whales and bottlenose dolphins had phagocytosis and oxygen radical generation by peripheral blood leukocytes like terrestrial animals [5,11], the overall effect of these changes on the immunocompetence of transported dolphins is unclear. In the current study, the concentration of serum cortisol was significantly correlated with the results of WBC counts, eosinophil counts, NBT reduction, and phagocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Transportation Stress and Polymorphonuclear Cell Functions of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT. Dolphins in a captive environment are exposed to various kinds of stresses. Handling and transportation are stressful events for terrestrial mammals, and such stress may affect immune system function and increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. The same phenomenon could occur in dolphins, however, few studies have reported this in dolphins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between stress and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell function of dolphins during transportation. Four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were transported for 6 hr by truck. Serum cortisol levels, leukograms, phagocytosis, and superoxide production of PMN cells were evaluated during handling and transportation compared to resting values. The mean serum cortisol level was significantly increased during handling and transportation (p<0.05) when compared with the resting values. White blood cell (WBC) counts, eosinophil counts, phagocytosis, and superoxide production of PMN cells during handling and transportation stages decreased significantly in comparison with the resting stage (p<0.05). The concentration of serum cortisol was significantly correlated with the results of the WBC counts, eosinophil counts, superoxide production, and phagocytosis (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.001, respectively). The present results indicate that handling and transportation are stressful events for dolphins and could affect their PMN cell functions, thereby leading to the impairment of the immune system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Transportation Stress and Polymorphonuclear Cell Functions of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

et al. 2007

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“…Blood leukocytes were isolated from whole blood prior to evaluation of phagocytosis and respiratory burst as previously reported (De Guise et al, 1995;Levin et al, 2004Levin et al, , 2007. Erythrocytes were lysed with NH 4 Cl, and re-suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS, Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY).…”

Section: Isolation Of Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory burst was evaluated as previously described (De Guise et al, 1995;Levin et al, 2007). Briefly, isolated leukocytes were adjusted to 2 Â 10 6 cells/ml.…”

Section: Respiratory Burstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of brevetoxin (PbTx-3) upon in vitro exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

et al. 2015

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“…Isolation of leukocytes was performed prior to the evaluation of phagocytosis. Erythrocytes were lysed using NH 4 Cl (De Guise et al, 1995), and the leukocytes were resuspended in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS, Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY). Cells were washed twice with HBSS, and their viability was assessed using the exclusion dye trypan blue.…”

Section: Isolation Of Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coplanar PCB-Mediated Modulation of Human Leukocyte Phagocytosis: A New Mechanism for Immunotoxicity

Levin¹,

Morsey²,

Mori³

et al. 2005

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Organochlorine (OC) contaminants, notably polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are ubiquitous in all ecosystems and found in the tissues of humans and wildlife. Although the immunotoxicity of coplanar, dioxinlike PCBs is well documented, the adverse effects exerted by non-coplanar, non-dioxinlike PCBs have received little attention. Direct causal relationship between PCB and dioxin exposure and the observed detrimental effects on the immune system has yet to be fully established in humans. The immunomodulatory potential of toxic coplanar PCB 169 and TCDD and abundant non-coplanar PCBs 138, 153, and 180 on human leukocyte phagocytosis, an important innate immune function that initiates the clearance of pathogens, was tested upon in vitro exposure. Mixture and concentration-response experiments demonstrated a suppression of phagocytosis by non-coplanar PCBs suggesting a previously unrecognized aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-independent pathway. Regression analysis revealed that reduction of phagocytosis was mostly explained by the non-coplanar congeners. The effects on phagocytosis could not be accurately predicted by either the currently used toxic equivalence (TEQ) approach or the mouse model, thus undermining the use of the traditional models in the risk assessment for OC mixtures containing non-coplanar congeners. Our results are cause for concern as they suggest an AhR-independent pathway through which non-coplanar PCBs modulate phagocytosis, the immune system's first line of defense, possibly increasing the risk to developing infectious disease.

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Immune functions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): Evaluation of phagocytosis and respiratory burst with peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Relationship between Transportation Stress and Polymorphonuclear Cell Functions of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

Relationship between Transportation Stress and Polymorphonuclear Cell Functions of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

Immunomodulatory effects of brevetoxin (PbTx-3) upon in vitro exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Non-Coplanar PCB-Mediated Modulation of Human Leukocyte Phagocytosis: A New Mechanism for Immunotoxicity

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