Immune Evasion as the Main Challenge for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Zagożdżon, Radosław; Winiarska, Magdalena; Firczuk, Małgorzata

doi:10.3390/cancers14153622

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Several strategies underlying tumor immune scape including the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, suppressive cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes, downregulation of antigen processing machinery, the generation of specific inhibitory lymphocytes and the expression of immune checkpoint ligands and/or their receptors also contribute to immune evasion ( 12 , 13 ). Tolerance to cytotoxic T-cells and upregulation of inhibitory checkpoint receptors can inhibit normal T-cell activation inside the TME allowing the tumor to grow ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of T-cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From immunity to immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) encompass a group of complex entities of tumours affecting the aerodigestive upper tract. The main risk factors are strongly related to tobacco and alcohol consumption, but also HPV infection is often associated. Surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are the standard treatments, though the 5-year overall survival is less than 50%. The advances in genomics, molecular medicine, immunology, and nanotechnology have shed a light on tumour biology which helps clinical researchers to obtain more efficacious and less toxic therapies. Head and neck tumours possess different immune escape mechanisms including diminishing the immune response through modulating immune checkpoints, in addition to the recruitment and differentiation of suppressive immune cells. The insights into the HNSCC biology and its strong interaction with the tumour microenvironment highlights the role of immunomodulating agents. Recently, the knowledge of the immunological features of these tumours has paved the way for the discovery of effective biomarkers that allow a better selection of patients with odds of improving overall survival through immunotherapy. Specially biomarkers regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors antibodies, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 in combination with standard therapy or as monotherapy. New immunotherapies to treat head and neck cancer carcinomas, such as CAR T cells and nanoparticles have been the center of attention and in this review, we discuss the necessity of finding targets for the T cell in the cancer cells to generate CAR T cells, but also the relevance of evaluating specificity and safety of those therapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of T-cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From immunity to immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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“…The theory of immune surveillance suggests that the immune system is able of destroying aberrant cells and preventing cancerous development. Some studies show that patients with compromised immune systems can have an increased risk of developing cancers but also that the cancerous cells can gain the ability to evade the immune response [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches in Early-Stage NSCL Management: Potential Use of PARP Inhibitors and Immunotherapy Combination

Fernandes

Oliveira

Sousa

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, being the first cause of cancer-related mortality. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), but the recurrence risk remains high (30–55%) and Overall Survival (OS) is still lower than desirable (63% at 5 years), even with adjuvant treatment. Neoadjuvant treatment can be helpful and new therapies and pharmacologic associations are being studied. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are two pharmacological classes already in use to treat several cancers. Some pre-clinical studies have shown that its association can be synergic and this is being studied in different settings. Here, we review the PARPi and ICI strategies in cancer management and the information will be used to develop a clinical trial to evaluate the potential of PARPi association with ICI in early-stage neoadjuvant setting NSCLC.

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“…Additionally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has the ability to evade the immune surveillance system through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, the suppression of cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes, the downregulation of antigen-processing machinery, the generation of specific inhibitory lymphocytes, and the expression of immune checkpoint ligands and/or their receptors [ 51 , 52 ]. These cellular mechanisms, together with the upregulation of inhibitory checkpoint receptors that can inhibit normal T-cell activation inside the tumor, allow the tumor to resist against cytotoxic T-cells and continue to grow [ 53 ].…”

Section: Immune Response Regulation In Head and Neck Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human β-Defensins in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancers

Kompuinen

Keskin

Yılmaz

et al. 2023

Cells

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Head and neck cancers are malignant growths with high death rates, which makes the early diagnosis of the affected patients of utmost importance. Over 90% of oral cavity cancers come from squamous cells, and the tongue, oral cavity, and salivary glands are the most common locations for oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. Human β-defensins (hBDs), which are mainly produced by epithelial cells, are cationic peptides with a wide antimicrobial spectrum. In addition to their role in antimicrobial defense, these peptides also take part in the regulation of the immune response. Recent studies produced evidence that these small antimicrobial peptides are related to the gene and protein expression profiles of tumors. While the suppression of hBDs is a common finding in head and neck cancer studies, opposite findings were also presented. In the present narrative review, the aim will be to discuss the changes in the hBD expression profile during the onset and progression of head and neck cancers. The final aim will be to discuss the use of hBDs as diagnostic markers of head and neck cancers.

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Immune Evasion as the Main Challenge for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Abstract: Immune evasion is currently considered one of the most prominent hallmarks of cancer [...]

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

The role of T-cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From immunity to immunotherapy

The role of T-cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From immunity to immunotherapy

New Approaches in Early-Stage NSCL Management: Potential Use of PARP Inhibitors and Immunotherapy Combination

Human β-Defensins in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancers

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