Immune-enhancing activity of C. militaris fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus (GRC-ON89A) in CY-induced immunosuppressed model

Abstract

BackgroundCordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is reported to exert various immune-activities. To enhance its activity, we fermented C.militaris with Pediococcus pentosaceus ON89A (GRC-ON89A). In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity GRC-ON89A, using immunosuppressed model.MethodsImmunosuppression was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY). Each group was orally administered distilled water, GRC-ON89A or GRC, respectively. The phagocytic activities against IgG -opsonized FITC particles were measured using phagocytosis assay kit. The contents β-glucan, cordycepin and SCFA were measured using β-glucan kit, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, respectively.ResultsAmong GRC fermented with different probiotic strains (Pediococcus pentossaceus ON89A, Lactobacillus pentosus SC64, Weissella cibaria Sal.Cla22), GRC-ON89A induced the highest elevation of nitric oxide production and enhanced phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. In primary cultured murine macrophages from normal and CY-treated mice, GRC-ON89A increased phagocytic activity, compared to that in control cells. GRC-ON89A also significantly induced the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-10 and the levels of phosphorylated Lyn, Syk and MAPK. The contents of β-glucan, cordycepin and SCFA in GRC significantly increased after ON89A fermentation, compared to those in unfermented GRC.ConclusionThese results indicate that GRC-ON89A exerted the enhanced immunostimulatory activity and contained more nutritional components, compared to unfermented GRC. Our results suggested that GRC-ON89A may be applied as an agent for immune boosting therapy in immune suppressed patients.

A study revealing volatile aroma produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus in dough fermentation

“…Pediococcus pentosaceus usually has two important functions in the food field, one is to extent shelf life of food by producing antimicrobial peptides such as bacteriocin or pediocin and others (Kwon et al., 2018; Michalska et al., 2007), and another is to produce protease to improve flavors. Our study displays that P. pentosaceus can produce more extracellular proteins of 51.1k Da due to being induced by S. cerevisiae, which may be consistent with LysM peptidoglycan binding domain proteins based on the molecular weight, can inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria (Sun, Chen, & Wang, 2019).…”

“…Our study also finds that there is relatively high ratio for P. pentosaceus ( P. pentosaceus) in the Chinese Laomian ( P. pentosaceus was detected in eight samples from 13 Chinese traditional Laomian). Pediococcus pentosaceus were commonly found in dairy products (Yu, Chen, Tao, Bo, & Mu, 2015), meat products (Anastasiadou, Papagianni, Filiousis, Ambrosiadis, & Koidis, 2008), and vegetable fermentation products (Xu, Wenshui, Fang, & Xiaohua, 2010), and mainly helpful to the quality, safety, flavor, and shelf life of fermented products (Kwon, Jo, & Park, 2018). But few studies reported action of P. pentosaceus in the dough fermentation.…”

Pediococcus pentosaceus-Fermented Cordyceps militaris Inhibits Inflammatory Reactions and Alleviates Contact Dermatitis

“…GRC (5% w / v ) was extracted with distilled water at 105 °C for 2 h and then inoculated with P. pentosaceus ON89A strains. GRC inoculated probiotic strain ON89A were heat-killed at 100 °C for 10 min and sonicated for 3 min (Sonics & Materials, Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) [ 14 ].…”

“…Moreover, in our recently published paper, we reported that GRC-ON89A enhanced immune activity and contained higher levels of β-glucan, cordycepin, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) than GRC [ 14 ]. SCFAs are known to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production [ 15 ].…”

Homologous Overexpression of Genes in Cordyceps militaris Improves the Production of Polysaccharide

“…Nowadays, many biologically active substances have been isolated from C. militaris, such as Cordyceps polysaccharides (CP), Cordycepic acid, cordycepin, mannitol, alkaloids, vitamins B1, B2, and minerals. It was reported that CP has a good protection of the kidneys and liver, lowering blood sugar, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiarrhythmia, improving immunity and reducing body fatigue [2][3][4]. There are two ways to enhance the value of CP.…”