Pediococcus pentosaceus-Fermented Cordyceps militaris Inhibits Inflammatory Reactions and Alleviates Contact Dermatitis

Abstract

Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom used to treat immune-related diseases in East Asia. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of C. militaris grown on germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus ON89A isolated from onion (GRC-ON89A) in vivo as well as in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effect of GRC-ON89A was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the GRC-ON89A ethanol extract were significantly increased compared to that in GRC. GRC-ON89A hexane fraction (GRC-ON89A-Hex) inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) compared to that of the LPS-treated control without cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. GRC-ON89A-Hex decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, pre-treatment with GRC-ON89A-Hex significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. To induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was applied to the surface of the right ears of C57BL/6N mice. GRC-ON89A reduced the ear swelling and thickness in DNFB-induced ACD mice. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of GRC-ON89A as an anti-inflammatory dietary supplement or drug.

Fermented Cordyceps militaris Extract Prevents Hepatosteatosis and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

“…Adenosine and cordycepin were quantified using the method described previously [26]. Briefly, whole GSC extract fermented with P. pentosaceus ON188 (ONE) were derivatized by N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA with 1% TMCS, Thermo) for trimethylsilylation [27].…”

Pediococcus pentosaceus, a future additive or probiotic candidate

“…Enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 + antagonism by P. pentosaceus L1 showed anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-8 [ 25 ]. Furthermore, oral administration of fermented C. militaris with P. pentosaceus ON89A in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced mice improved its immunostimulatory abilities and obtain more nutrition acquisition [ 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, the PE-EPS of [ 31 ] kimchi-derived P. pentosaceus KFT18 was administered to CY-mediated immunosuppressed mice, which mediated spleen and thymus development and lymphocyte and cytokine production.…”

Hair Growth Promoting Effect of 4HGF Encapsulated with PGA Nanoparticles (PGA-4HGF) by β-Catenin Activation and Its Related Cell Cycle Molecules

“…To generate human HFs, DPCs should interact with themselves or other cell types (e.g., keratinocytes, dermal sheath cells, and follicular epithelial cells) [43]. We recently demonstrated that C. militaris grown on germinated soybeans (a 4HGF constituent) contains polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds which contribute to improve dermal blood circulation [44,45]. P. multiflorum and Thuja orientalis have been shown to increase β-catenin protein expression, involved in inducing telogen to anagen phase transition in the hair cycle [7,46].…”

“…Western blotting was performed as previously described [45]. Briefly, the tissues were crushed in a tissue homogenizer after being lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Cell Signaling, MA, USA).…”