Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Vaccine Improvements: Current Status and New Approaches

Batista-Duharte, Alexander; Hassouneh, Fakhri; Álvarez-Heredia, Pablo; Pera, Alejandra; Solana, Rafael

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14081721

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…This has recently been changed, since three biological agents have received approval as an effective and safe COVID-19 treatment [ 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 ]. Moreover, the combination of approved or experimental vaccines with ICIs has proven to be a promising approach to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy [ 174 ]. The development of companion diagnostics to simultaneously detect immune checkpoint expression and viral load is essential and would potentially require the resurfacing of older, well-established technologies such as DNA/RNA microarrays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities

et al. 2022

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A vital function of the immune system is the modulation of an evolving immune response. It is responsible for guarding against a wide variety of pathogens as well as the establishment of memory responses to some future hostile encounters. Simultaneously, it maintains self-tolerance and minimizes collateral tissue damage at sites of inflammation. In recent years, the regulation of T-cell responses to foreign or self-protein antigens and maintenance of balance between T-cell subsets have been linked to a distinct class of cell surface and extracellular components, the immune checkpoint molecules. The fact that both cancer and viral infections exploit similar, if not the same, immune checkpoint molecules to escape the host immune response highlights the need to study the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on viral infections. More importantly, the process through which immune checkpoint blockade completely changed the way we approach cancer could be the key to decipher the potential role of immunotherapy in the therapeutic algorithm of viral infections. This review focuses on the effect of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade on the outcome of viral infections in cancer patients as well as the potential benefit from the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treatment of viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities

et al. 2022

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“…The more accessible implementation of molecular studies in oncology, associated with developing individualized and disease-specific antigenic panels, will help establish the foundation for further vaccine-focused work. Meanwhile, their association with immunotherapy will allow for more tailored immune system activation, with improved outcomes and, potentially, better tolerability ( 73 , 74 ).…”

Section: Tumor-extrinsic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of immunotherapy sensitizers and novel immunotherapy modalities in the treatment of cancer

Sacchi de Camargo Correia,

Zhao,

Manochakian

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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The importance of the immune system in the response against cancer has always been a subject of intense investigation. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has transformed the landscape of oncologic treatments, while expanding the understanding of this disease’s pathophysiology. Consequently, many therapies are being investigated, with interventions directed at different steps and pathways of the immune response. Relevantly, immunotherapy sensitizers have arisen as approaches focused on the synergistic effects of immunotherapy combination, or the combination of immunotherapy and other treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Concomitantly, novel immunotherapy modalities are also in development. Approaches focusing from the tumor intrinsic pathways to the tumor microenvironment and ex-vivo interventions, such as CAR-T cell therapies and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are important examples. Although many of those interventions were initially envisioned as standalone options, their combination has demonstrated promising results in early-phase in vitro studies and clinical trials. The possibility of coupling different immunotherapy modalities, as well as with other techniques, further strengthen the concept of sensitizers, allowing for deeper and more robust responses in cancer treatment. This review aims to present an overview of the concepts of these sensitizing mechanisms that are the basis for the synergistic effects of immunotherapy combination, or the combination of immunotherapy and a multitude of therapeutic strategies. Novel immunotherapy modalities are also presented, focusing on the potential of combining them with sensitizer interventions. Understanding the complexity underlying these principles may be the key for future breakthroughs and improved patient outcomes.

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“…The reason for this is a straight immunological basis with clear mechanism of action, and cancer cells are a fully fledged source of an entire variety of native antigens and persistent drivers behind the development of new cellular cancer vaccines [ 20 ]. The lack of effectiveness of cancer vaccines, which prevents their implementation, is being compensated by the use of combinatorial therapy, the use of adjuvants [ 21 , 22 ], cell modification (leading to an increase in their immunogenicity) [ 23 ], the use of checkpoint inhibitors [ 24 , 25 ], etc. However, an assessment of cancer cells based on their antigenic composition, which is close to the body’s cells and is changeable, has not been examined in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Proteomic Footprinting: Advances in the Quality of Cellular and Cell-Derived Cancer Vaccines

et al. 2023

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In omics sciences, many compounds are measured simultaneously in a sample in a single run. Such analytical performance opens up prospects for improving cellular cancer vaccines and other cell-based immunotherapeutics. This article provides an overview of proteomics technology, known as cell proteomic footprinting. The molecular phenotype of cells is highly variable, and their antigenic profile is affected by many factors, including cell isolation from the tissue, cell cultivation conditions, and storage procedures. This makes the therapeutic properties of cells, including those used in vaccines, unpredictable. Cell proteomic footprinting makes it possible to obtain controlled cell products. Namely, this technology facilitates the cell authentication and quality control of cells regarding their molecular phenotype, which is directly connected with the antigenic properties of cell products. Protocols for cell proteomic footprinting with their crucial moments, footprint processing, and recommendations for the implementation of this technology are described in this paper. The provided footprints in this paper and program source code for their processing contribute to the fast implementation of this technology in the development and manufacturing of cell-based immunotherapeutics.

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Vaccine Improvements: Current Status and New Approaches

Cited by 16 publications

References 138 publications

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities

The role of immunotherapy sensitizers and novel immunotherapy modalities in the treatment of cancer

Cell Proteomic Footprinting: Advances in the Quality of Cellular and Cell-Derived Cancer Vaccines

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