Immune- and enzyme histochemical characterisation of leukocyte populations within lymphoid and mucosal tissues of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Distribution of IgM, IgD and IgZ in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi lymphoid tissues and their transcriptional changes after Flavobacterium columnare stimulation

“…In mandarin fish these cells were located abundantly in both submucosa and lamina propria of posterior intestine and sometimes nearing the goblet cells. In spotted wolffish and Atlantic cod positively stained cells distributed mainly in the lamina propria of both anterior and posterior intestine, while in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) (Grove et al, 2006) and sea bass (Picchietti et al, 1997), IgM + cells were more common in the epithelium than lamina propria.…”

Dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the Nrf2 and E2F4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Fish growth is often related to disease resistance [8] which is always associated with the immune response of immune organs [9]. The head kidney and spleen are the primary immune organs in teleost fish [10]. These organs have been demonstrated to make important contributions to the generation of systemic immunity and perform the vital function of removing foreign or antigenic substances from the blood of teleost fish [10].…”

“…The head kidney and spleen are the primary immune organs in teleost fish [10]. These organs have been demonstrated to make important contributions to the generation of systemic immunity and perform the vital function of removing foreign or antigenic substances from the blood of teleost fish [10]. However, studies have not investigated the effects of MI on the head kidney and spleen immune responses in animals.…”

Immune Defences of Teleost Fish

“…The gills are also considered as portals of entry for fish pathogens (Ellis 2001;Holzer et al 2003;Grove et al 2006;Mulero et al 2008a) and resistance to infection and recovery is facilitated in part by innate non-specific immunity consisting of a plethora of constitutively expressed elements as well as induced components of the inflammatory response (for review, see Dickerson 2009). The gills of modern bony fish consist of four paired arches, each containing two rows of posteriolaterally oriented filaments with lamellae covered by respiratory epithelium.…”