Immune Aging and Autoimmune Diseases in Children

Prelog, Martina

doi:10.2174/157339511794474299

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…A similar association was also seen in our HT group. These findings support the hypothesis of accelerated differentiation of T cells with latent CMV infections and an association with signs of premature immunosenescence known from patients with autoimmune disorders [ 4 , 9 , 30 , 31 ]. Loss of CD28 is also seen as a marker of replicative senescence of the immune system [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Regulatory T cells, mostly defined as CD4+ with high expression of CD25, usually increase with age, but obviously have less suppressive function on inflammatory mechanisms in some autoimmune diseases [ 31 ]. In our cohort, age was the driving factor for enhancing CD25 + CD62L + T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with HT display a peripheral T cell phenotype reminiscent of findings in elderly persons or other autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis [ 3 , 40 ] or JIA [ 4 , 31 ], with increased CD45RO + memory and CD28-negative T cells, increased peripheral replication and altered distribution of T cell proportions, such as CD62L-expressing T cells with accumulation of CD62L + lymphocytes in the thyroid gland. CMV seems to accelerate T cell differentiation by influencing CD28-negative T cell proportions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower CD28+ T cell proportions were associated with CMV-seropositivity in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAlterations in the naive T cell subpopulations have been demonstrated in patients with T cell mediated autoimmune disorders, reminiscent of immunological changes found in the elderly during immunosenescence, including the switch from CD45RA + to CD45RO + T cells and decreased thymic function with increased compensatory proliferative mechanisms, partly associated with latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The present study was aimed to investigate proportions of lymphocytes, their relation to CMV-seropositivity and the replicative history of CD45RA + expressing T cells in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT, n = 18) and healthy controls (HC, n = 70).MethodsProportions of peripheral T cells were investigated by flow cytometry. The replicative history was assessed by T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and relative telomere length (RTL). Expression of CD62L was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in thyroid sections. The role of CMV was assessed by serology, ELISPOT assay and in situ hybridization.ResultsOur results demonstrated a significant increase of CD28-negative T cells, associated with CMV-seropositivity in HT patients. HT showed abundant CD45RO + T cells with peripheral loss of CD62L-expressing CD8 + CD45RA + T cells, the latter mainly depending on disease duration. CD62L was expressed in thyroid lymphocyte infiltrations. The diagnosis of HT and within the HT group CMV-seropositivity were the main determinants for the loss of CD28 expression. RTL was not different between HC and HT. HT showed significantly lower TRECs in CD4 + CD45RA + T cells compared to HC.ConclusionsPatients with HT display a peripheral T cell phenotype reminiscent of findings in elderly persons or other autoimmune disorders. Whether these mechanisms are primary or secondary to the immunological alterations of autoimmune conditions should be investigated in longitudinal studies which may open research on new therapeutic regimes for treatment of HT and associated autoimmune diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower CD28+ T cell proportions were associated with CMV-seropositivity in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

et al. 2013

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“…However, the key events in the development of autoimmunity are the recognition of selfantigens by auto-reactive lymphocytes and the activation of the cells for the proliferation and differentiation into effector cells that result in tissue damage. However, the main factors that contribute towards their onset are genetic susceptibility, environmental causes, hormonal factors, and peripheral homeostatic mechanisms [11,13,14].…”

Section: Pathophysiolgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Hepatitis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Pharmacological Therapy

Brondani¹,

Machado²,

Oliveira³

2012

Current Immunology Reviews

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease, rare and of unknown etiology, that affects patients who lack tolerance to self antigens. Genetic and environmental factors are related to the disease etiology. The pathology, mainly prevalent in females, is characterized by the presence of interface hepatitis with biochemical changes, such as increased levels of transaminase, the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia and circulating autoantibodies. Antibodies classify the types of the disease. Due to the heterogeneity of symptoms, the diagnostic criteria are not unique since they are based on a combination of clinical, biochemical, immunological and histological features. AIH should be diagnosed in its early stages due to possible cirrhosis evolution when untreated. Standard and most effective treatment consists of corticosteroids in combination or not with azathioprine. AIH has a good prognosis with good resolution of symptoms when properly treated, albeit with relapse at an early withdrawal.

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Hypermethylation of FOXP3 Promoter and Premature Aging of the Immune System in Female Patients with Panic Disorder?

et al. 2016

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Immunological abnormalities associated with pathological conditions, such as higher infection rates, inflammatory diseases, cancer or cardiovascular events are common in patients with panic disorder. In the present study, T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), Forkhead-Box-Protein P3 gene (FOXP3) methylation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and relative telomere lengths (RTLs) were investigated in a total and subsamples of 131 patients with panic disorder as compared to 131 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in order to test for a potential dysfunction and premature aging of the immune system in anxiety disorders. Significantly lower TRECs (p = 0.004) as well as significant hypermethylation of the FOXP3 promoter region (p = 0.005) were observed in female (but not in male) patients with panic disorder as compared to healthy controls. No difference in relative telomere length was discerned between patients and controls, but significantly shorter telomeres in females, smokers and older persons within the patient group. The presently observed reduced TRECs in panic disorder patients and FOXP3 hypermethylation in female patients with panic disorder potentially reflect impaired thymus and immunosuppressive Treg function, which might partly account for the known increased morbidity and mortality of anxiety disorders conferred by e.g. cancer and cardiovascular disorders.

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Immune Aging and Autoimmune Diseases in Children

Cited by 3 publications

References 116 publications

Lower CD28+ T cell proportions were associated with CMV-seropositivity in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Lower CD28+ T cell proportions were associated with CMV-seropositivity in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Autoimmune Hepatitis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Pharmacological Therapy

Hypermethylation of FOXP3 Promoter and Premature Aging of the Immune System in Female Patients with Panic Disorder?

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