Immobilizing Cr3+ with SO3H-functionalized solid polymeric ionic liquids as efficient and reusable catalysts for selective transformation of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Conversion of d -glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using Al 2 O 3 -promoted sulphated tin oxide as catalyst

“…The apparent activation energy value reported in this study was lower than those usually reported when using sulphuric acid (≈132-152 kJ mol −1 ) [7,49] but in agreement with the activation energy reported using solid acid catalysts for acid-catalysed reactions. For instance, activation energy of 22.02 kJ mol −1 was obtained by Li et al [50] using polymeric ionic liquids (FPILs) as a heterogeneous catalyst in DMSO. Additionally, Aainaa et al, have studied the conversion of glucose to HMF using Fe/HY zeolite catalyst, reporting an activation energy of 64 kJ mol −1 [51].…”

Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid over Fe/HY zeolite catalyst

“…Kinetic studies on the conversion of glucose in aqueous system using mineral acid as catalyst are widely reported [7,[26][27][28][29]. However, there are limited reports on kinetic study of glucose conversion to LA using solid acid, particularly zeolite, while many of the kinetic studies were confined to glucose conversion to 5-HMF [39][40][41]. Herein, an attempt has been made to investigate the glucose decomposition to 5-HMF and LA by the heterogeneous acid catalyst; Fe/HY zeolite.…”

Progress in the Development of Mesoporous Solid Acid and Base Catalysts for Converting Carbohydrates into Platform Chemicals

“…The SEM images of these materials are shown in Fig. 6 Given the apparent success of ionic derivatized ionic polymers for the dehydration of fructose [ 61 ], Yang et al [ 62 ] synthesized two types of SO 3 H-functionalized polymeric ionic liquids which were acidifi ed with H 3 PW 12 O 40 and HCl (FPIL1a and 1b). Both FPIL1a and 1b catalyst types exhibited high activity for the dehydration of fructose to HMF in DMSO with HMF yields of 88-91 % reported at ~98 % fructose conversion.…”

“…6.2.1.5 ). Yang et al[ 62 ] also investigated the activities of FPIL2 materials in the conversion of glucose. The FPIL 2a catalyst afforded a 48.7 % yield of HMF in aqueous/organic mixed solvent (H 2 O-DMSO (1:4)/MIBK-n-BuOH (3:7)) after 120 min reaction at 150 °C.…”