Immobilized β-glucosidase on Cu(PTA) for the green production of rare ginsenosides CK

Cao, Shanshan; Yang, Fan; Tian, Fei; Liu, Xiaochen; Fan, Daidi; Wu, Zhansheng

doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2023.08.014

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1 to CK via β-glu is an effective production method in industry [ 50 ]. Microbes isolated from the soils of ginseng farms, soybeans, tea, the gastrointestinal tract of humans, kimchi, and other fermented items can be a source of β-glu [ 51 ].…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Ckmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there was inadequate stability of free β-Glu, which hindered circulation and recovery, unable to recycle β-Glu and snailase, self-digestion rate, and long reaction time. This limitation can be overcome by enzymatic immobilization technology, which will also make it easier to use β-Glu in commercial production β-Glu@Cu(PTA) biocomposite reached a 49.15% conversion rate of Rb1 to CK [ 50 ]. Green synthesis of Zn-BTC co-immobilized snailase and β-glucosidase (β-Glu) resulted in the formation of β-Glu&SN@Zn-BTC biocomposite, which reached the CK conversion rate of 53.5% in 48 h at pH 4.5.…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Ckmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings of this study suggest that there is a notable distinction in the pharmacokinetics of CK and Rb1. In a different study, 76 participants were given either a placebo or CK in seven individual doses taken orally (25,50,100,200, 400, 600, and 800 mg) while they were fasting; the exposure to CK grew linearly between 100 and 400 mg, and the time range to attain Tmax was 1.5-6.0 h. After the seventh administration, the steady state was reached, and there were no serious adverse effects (AEs) reported. Watery stool (diarrhea) and stomachache were the most commonly reported AEs.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Safety and Toxicological Studies Of Ck And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Morshed,

Akter,

Karim

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Rare ginsenoside compound K (CK) is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development, as well as ginsenoside-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several bioconversion processes. Current research shows that CK has a wide range of pharmacological actions, including boosting osteogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, insulin resistance, and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties. Further research on the bioavailability and toxicology of CK can advance its medicinal application. The purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for future clinical studies and the development of CK as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the toxicology and pharmacology of CK are investigated as well in this review. The findings indicate that CK primarily modulates signaling pathways associated with AMPK, SIRT1, PPARs, WNTs, and NF-kB. It also demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect of CK on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and its complications, as well as osteoporosis. Additionally, the analogues of CK showed more bioavailability, less toxicity, and more efficacy against disease states. Enhancing bioavailability and regulating hazardous variables are crucial for its use in clinical trials.

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Section: Biotransformation Of Ckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotransformation Of Ckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacokinetics Safety and Toxicological Studies Of Ck And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Morshed,

Akter,

Karim

et al. 2024

CIMB

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“…The bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1 to CK via β-glu is an effective production method in industry [50]. Microbes isolated from the soils of ginseng farms, soybeans, tea, the gastrointestinal tract of humans, kimchi, and other fermented items can be a source of β-glu [51].…”

Section: Enzymatically Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Morshed,

Akter,

Mahmud

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Rare ginsenoside compound K (CK), is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development as well as ginsenosides-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several bio-conversion processes. Current research shows that CK has a wide range of pharmacological actions including boosting osteogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties. Further research on the bioavailability and toxicology of CK can advance its medicinal application. The purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for future clinical studies and the development of CK as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the toxicology and pharmacology of CK are investigated as well in this review. The findings indicate that CK primarily modulates signal-ing pathways associated with AMPK, SIRT1, PPARs, WNTs, and NF-kB. It also demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect of CK on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and its complications, as well as osteoporosis. Additionally, the analogues of CK showed more bioavailability, less toxicity, and more efficacy against disease states. Enhancing bioavailability and regulating hazardous variables are crucial for its use in clinical trials.

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Microbial β-glucosidases: Recent advances and applications

Magwaza,

Amobonye,

Pillai

2024

Biochimie

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Immobilized β-glucosidase on Cu(PTA) for the green production of rare ginsenosides CK

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Microbial β-glucosidases: Recent advances and applications

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