Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on chitosan/halloysite as a biocatalyst in the Remazol Red RR dye

Laccase Immobilization Using Polymeric Supports for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review

“…Some studies reported the activity of free laccase produced by T. versicolor is optimum at 45-55 °C. [17,20,98,118] In a study using chitosan/halloysite to immobilize T. versicolor laccase, the activity of immobilized laccase is found to favor lower temperature (T = 35 °C), though its activity is still higher than that of free laccase (T > 45 °C). [17] Similar trend is also observed in a study using poly(vinylidene fluoride).…”

“…[17,20,98,118] In a study using chitosan/halloysite to immobilize T. versicolor laccase, the activity of immobilized laccase is found to favor lower temperature (T = 35 °C), though its activity is still higher than that of free laccase (T > 45 °C). [17] Similar trend is also observed in a study using poly(vinylidene fluoride). [15] Laccase immobilized into galactomannan has higher thermal stability as compared with free laccase.…”

“…These authors argue that laccase resistance to thermal denaturation is improved via intramolecular interactions and micro-protection by the supporting materials. [17,20,119,120] It is worth noting that the addition of laccase, on contrary, reduces the thermal stability of magnetic chitosan composite based on thermal gravimetry analysis. [108] Therefore, it is important to carry out thermal characterization to reveal the thermal stability trade-offs of embedding laccase.…”

“…Studies have been performed on the immobilization of laccase using either synthetic polymers [14,15] or biopolymers. [16][17][18] Polymers as supporting materials have been used in a wide range of sizes, from nano-to macro-size. [18][19][20][21] Chitosan and cellulose are among the frequently used biopolymers, in which their roles in pollutant removal have been highlighted.…”

Immobilization of laccase on chitosan functionalized halloysite nanotubes for degradation of Bisphenol A in aqueous solution: degradation mechanism and mineralization pathway

“…The results showed that stability of lac@A-MB was compared with other literatures [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], which provided a basis for the practical application of different methods for immobilizing laccase. Among the reported immobilization methods, the unique hollow tubular structure, negatively charged surface, high specific surface area, and good biocompatibility of chitosan functionalized halloysite nanotubes (CS-HNTs) make them promising laccase immobilization carriers [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. However, these methods focus too much on the covalent binding of laccase and ignore the excellent adsorption properties of laccase on the inner and outer surfaces of the material.…”