Laccase Immobilization Using Polymeric Supports for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review

Abstract

Global threat from emerging contaminants to human health has pushed researchers to develop pollutant removal technologies including those based on biocatalytic degradation. Laccase, a multicopper enzyme, is reported for its applicability in treating wastewater and industrial effluent by catalyzing reduction of O 2 to H 2 O in the presence of substrates (phenolic or non-phenolic compounds). Scientific papers have discussed the ability of this enzyme to breakdown hazardous contaminants ranging from azo dyes, antibiotics, and up to hormones. Nonetheless, the cost production of this enzyme is high, hence the importance of the immobilization into solid supports. Polymers are considered suitable for the immobilization because they are easy for modification and have adjustable characteristics. This review discusses the immobilization of laccase into polymers via various techniques (adsorption, cross-linking, covalent binding, encapsulation, and entrapment) and its implications on the pollutant removal performance. In addition, bibliometric analysis is performed and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each immobilization technique.

Metal oxide/chitosan composite for organic pollutants removal: A comprehensive review with bibliometric analysis

“…A Review Article research [79][80][81]. It is worth mentioning that despite publishing 33 papers-the second highest number of papers published on the research theme, India was ranked 7 th in the top countries with the highest number of citations.…”

Optical Properties of Laccases and Their Use for Phenolic Compound Detection and Quantification: A Brief Review

“…Also, laccase-based biosensors profit from these advantages, but some of them can suffer from the low specificity that characterizes this enzyme [3,144,145]. However, some immobilization procedures or other strategies can be adopted to obtain an increase in the specificity towards phenolic substrate [8,146]. In order to compare the performances of the different biosensors described above, we reported their main working parameters in Table 3, which provides an overview of different approaches for the detection of phenolic compounds through the development of spectrophotometric and fluorescence sensors for environmental and food applications.…”

“…The most relevant are wastewater treatment from the textile, paper, and petrochemical industries; herbicides and pesticide bioremediation; decontamination of aquatic and terrestrial environments from phenols; and biosensing. A complete list of laccase applications can be found in [8][9][10]. Among the above-mentioned applications, biosensing represents one of the most investigated in the continuous search of new approaches for developing simple, sensitive, specific, and accurate sensing methods for phenolic compounds.…”

Facile and green synthesis of recyclable, environmentally friendly, chemically stable, and cost-effective magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent for tetracycline adsorption

“…The method chosen will depend on the chemical and physical properties of the material, the required efficiency, and the planned use of the treated effluent [ 13 , 14 ]. These techniques consist of ultraviolet photolysis [ 15 ], surface adsorption [ [16] , [17] , [18] ], biodegradation [ 19 ], photocatalytic degradation [ 20 , 21 ], advanced oxidation processes during Fenton processes [ 22 ], photo-Fenton [ 23 ], electro-Fenton [ 24 ], photo-electro-Fenton [ 25 ], ozonation [ 26 ], immobilization of catalytic degrading enzyme [ 27 ], and catalytic ozonation [ 28 ]. Despite the benefits, each of these techniques also has drawbacks that frequently make it challenging to employ them.…”