Immobilization of Proteins in Poly-Styrene-Divinylbenzene Matrices: Functional Properties and Applications

Abstract

Supports based on poly-styrene-divinylbenzene (PSD) are commercially available since a long time ago. However, they are not commonly used as enzyme immobilization matrices. The main reason for this lies in the negative effect of the very hydrophobic surface on enzyme stability that produces the instantaneous enzyme inactivation in many instances. However, they have recently regained some impact on enzyme immobilization. They are easy to modify, and have been prepared with different modifiers. We will pay special attention to the coating of these supports with ionic liquids, which permits to have the ionic liquid phase anchored to the solid and modulate the enzyme properties without risk of losing these expensive and potentially toxic compounds. Thus, this review will present the covalent or physical immobilization of enzymes on PSD supports, submitted to different modifications. Moreover, lipases immobilized via interfacial activation on some naked PSD supports have shown some unexpected improvement in their catalytic properties, with uses in reactions like hydrolysis, esterification or transesterification.

Immobilization of lipases on hydrophobic supports: immobilization mechanism, advantages, problems, and solutions

“…a general rule and it depends on the support, enzyme and substrate (Rodrigues et al, 2015;Tacias-Pascacio et al, 2016). Considering the strong modulation of enzymes by immobilization or chemical modification, this is quite weak a proof of the interfacial activation produced by the immobilization, even taking into account that in general lipases increase their activity when immobilized on octyl agarose, except lipase B from Candida antarctica (Rueda et al, 2015b), that has not a blocking lid (Uppenberg et al, 1994).…”

Design of a core–shell support to improve lipase features by immobilization

“…33 This strategy allows the immobilization, purication and stabilization of the open lipase form (usually leading to hyper-activation), also producing an increase in the lipase stability for this reason. [34][35][36] Therefore, there is a great interest in the new development of new hydrophobic matrices that can further improve lipase properties. [34][35][36] Therefore, there is a great interest in the new development of new hydrophobic matrices that can further improve lipase properties.…”

Imidazolium ionic liquid incorporation on sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) proton exchange membranes

“…ILs have also been polymerized in order to create polyionic liquid (PIL) membranes . Finally, they have been used with polymer membranes for the immobilization of proteins …”