Immobilization of metalloporphyrins on CeO2@SiO2 with a core-shell structure prepared via microemulsion method for catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene

Shen, Danhua; Ji, Lin-Tao; Fu, Lingling; Dong, Xulong; Liu, Zhigang; Liu, Qiang; Liu, Shimin

doi:10.1007/s11771-015-2594-7

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…This process is also accompanied by undesirable byproducts, and therefore it has become imperative for researchers to design catalytic systems with minimal byproduct formation (because of the exorbitant purification process) and high selectivity. For example, some of the reported heterogeneous catalysts for selective OEB-A include Me-APO-11 (Me = cobalt, vanadium, and manganese), Mn-MCM-41, Cobalt-containing hexagonal materials (Co-HMS), chromium containing mesoporous molecular sieve (Cr-MCM-41), Mn-MCM-41, Cu-containing hydrotalcite (layer double hydroxide), Mn-MgAl hydrotalcite, CeAPO-5 molecular sieves, and metalloporphyrins-immobilized CeO 2 @SiO 2 core–shell nanocomposite . Some of these heterogeneous catalysts displayed either good conversion of ethylbenzene or excellent selectivity of acetophenone, but the capacity to attain both high selectivity and attractive conversation has been a major challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone: A Review of Catalyst Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

Azeez,

Nafiu,

Olarewaju

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Acetophenone is an important chemical intermediate often employed in the production chain of many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food, and cosmetic products. It is industrially produced as a byproduct of the Hock process. However, a growing demand for acetophenone has necessitated consideration of alternative production routes. The oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone (OEB-A) is one of the most considered alternatives due to the low cost and availability of ethylbenzene (EB). The EB is one of the products of refinery downstream processes that is obtained from the xylene/EB isomerization unit. Although the OEB-A reaction is considered inexpensive, it has not been of great interest due to the inert behavior of C−H bond, relatively low acetophenone selectivity, and cumbersome separation strategies for extracting acetophenone from other reaction byproducts. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances in the OEB-A reaction covering both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Advances in catalyst design and development including ligand design and coordination strategies and tuning of support properties have, over the years, proven to be effective in increasing acetophenone selectivity during the OEB-A process. Exploring a single-atom catalyst's definitive active centers and high atom efficiency in the OEB-A reaction has demonstrated high-throughput results, even though not well harnessed due to the challenges of controlled synthesis of single-atom metal catalyst. Solvent-free, the OEB-A reaction has demonstrated to be attractive due to its ease of product collection and environmental friendliness. Green synthesis strategies such as metal-free OEB-A reaction and CO 2 -assisted OEB-A reaction have been reviewed. The CO 2 assisted OEB-A reaction has not received the desired attention, even though considerable improvement in catalytic performance was reported. Considering the importance of carbon circular economy and the ready availability of CO 2 , the CO 2 assisted OEB-A reaction could be an interesting research focus in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone: A Review of Catalyst Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

Azeez,

Nafiu,

Olarewaju

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Because of the concerns of environmental issues, the researches about the catalytic field of the immobilized metalloporphyrins have been greatly promoted and have made a great progress 30 . There were some immobilized metalloporphyrins and their catalysis systems 31 – 35 adapting to the cleaner production process. However, the resulting yields (acetophenone and phenylethanol (ONE + OL), less than 25%) were lower than those obtained from the catalytic systems above 7 – 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…immobilized metalloporphyrins and their catalysis systems [31][32][33][34][35] adapting to the cleaner production process. However, the resulting yields (acetophenone and phenylethanol (ONE + OL), less than 25%) were lower than those obtained from the catalytic systems above [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the resulting yields (acetophenone and phenylethanol (ONE + OL), less than 25%) were lower than those obtained from the catalytic systems above [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . In addition, RSM was also seldom used in the catalytic field of metalloporphyrins [14][15][16][17]19,20,[31][32][33][34][35] . Therefore, these are still a challenge.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Full use of factors promoting catalytic performance of chitosan supported manganese porphyrin

Huang

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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in order to make full use of the impact of internal and external factors on the performance of title catalyst for ethyl benzene oxidation, the key internal influencing factors on the catalytic performance were modulated by coordinating and grafting manganese porphyrin to mesoporous and macroporous chitosan, and the important external factors (i.e. oxidation reaction conditions) were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. Under the Response Surface Methodology optimized oxidation reaction conditions (176.56 °C, 0.59 MPa, and 0.25 mg amount of manganese porphyrin), the catalyst could be used at least five times. The ethyl benzene conversion, catalyst turnover numbers, and yields reached up to 51.2%, 4.37 × 10 6 and 36.4% in average, respectively. Compared with the other optimized oxidation reaction conditions, the corresponding values increased 17%, 26% and 53%. Relative to the manganese porphyrin, the catalytic performance and efficiency of the immobilized catalyst had notably increased. High-efficiency and high-selectivity oxidation of ethyl benzene (EB) has been still paid a great attention 1-6. There were so many advanced catalysts and catalytic ethyl benzene oxidation technologies 1-25 , some of which could even offer high yields of products 1-6. However, up to date the oxidation techniques used are not very satisfactory yet: There were mainly lack of cleaner production techniques, for examples, O 2 was not used as oxidant, toxic solvents were used, some energy saving and emission reduction had not been done, and so on. Therefore, the catalyst preparation 21-25 , the catalytic oxidation system and the oxidation conditions 7-20 , which are satisfactorily meeting to the cleaner production process should be comprehensively considered. Based on the above considerations, the internal influencing factors on the catalytic performance of catalyst should be further reasonably tuned, and the external influencing factors should be optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Because RSM has been successfully used in other catalysis fields: It has been used for optimization of the various reaction conditions and prediction of interactions between the influencing reaction condition parameters based on constructing a suitable model, evaluating the effects of key factors and searching the optimum reaction conditions. The better catalysis responses have achieved 26-29. These considerations and the various optimizations above will probably bring the advanced catalysis techniques 7-25 forwards better catalytic results and excellent various applications in practical chemistry industry. Due to a great deal of attention to the environmental issues, for modern companies which are manufacturing the products of acetophenone and phenylethanol via ethyl benzene oxidation, a set of strict modern technique of cleaner production has to be requested. Under the preconditions, the immobilized metalloporphyrins and their catalysis systems, which are usually not added any additives, co-reductants, and solvents, but oxygen molecules...

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“…At present, many new techniques for the catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene are available that offer high yields of the related main products. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] But they employ solvents and nonoxygen (O 2 ) oxidizing agents, and a complex catalyst preparation process, which result in the discharge of a large amount of waste liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen oxidation of ethylbenzene over manganese porphyrin is promoted by the axial nitrogen coordination in powdered chitosan

et al. 2016

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Immobilization of metalloporphyrins on CeO2@SiO2 with a core-shell structure prepared via microemulsion method for catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone: A Review of Catalyst Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone: A Review of Catalyst Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

Full use of factors promoting catalytic performance of chitosan supported manganese porphyrin

Oxygen oxidation of ethylbenzene over manganese porphyrin is promoted by the axial nitrogen coordination in powdered chitosan

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