Immission and Dry Deposition

Trebs, Ivonne; Ammann, Christof; Junk, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4_54

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…The 30 min concentration measurements obtained at the 2 measurement heights were combined with 30 min averaged transfer velocities to obtain the AGM NH 3 flux F AGM (e.g. Trebs et al, 2021):…”

Section: Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the AGM method, surface-atmosphere exchange fluxes are derived from measurements of vertical concentration differences (d NH 3 ) combined with measurement of vertical turbulent transport (Loubet and Personne, 2016;Prueger and Kustas, 2005). Drawbacks of AGM (listed by Trebs et al, 2021;Loubet et al, 2013) include potentially biased gradients under nonstationary conditions if sequential sampling at multiple heights using one monitor is required (Kamp et al, 2020) or if using multiple monitors, there is a need for regular side by side comparisons to accurately determine and correct for any potential systematic difference (bias) between monitors (Wolff et al, 2010;Walker et al, 2013). Finally, a drawback of AGM is the need to rely on empirical stability corrections, which are based on relationships found for sensible heat, but assumed to be the same for trace compounds like NH 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field comparison of two novel open-path instruments that measure dry deposition and emission of ammonia using flux-gradient and eddy covariance methods

et al. 2023

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Abstract. Dry deposition of ammonia (NH3) is the largest contributor to the nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere to soil and vegetation in the Netherlands, causing eutrophication and loss of biodiversity; however, data sets of NH3 fluxes are sparse and in general have monthly resolution at best. An important reason for this is that measurement of the NH3 flux under dry conditions is notoriously difficult. There is no technique that can be considered as the gold standard for these measurements, which complicates the testing of new techniques. Here, we present the results of an intercomparison of two novel measurement set-ups aimed at measuring dry deposition of NH3 at half hourly resolution. Over a 5-week period, we operated two novel optical open-path techniques side by side at the Ruisdael station in Cabauw, the Netherlands: the RIVM-miniDOAS 2.2D using the aerodynamic gradient technique, and the commercial Healthy Photon HT8700E using the eddy covariance technique. These instruments are widely different in their measurement principle and approach to derive deposition values from measured concentrations; however, both techniques showed very similar results (r=0.87) and small differences in cumulative fluxes (∼ 10 %) as long as the upwind terrain was homogeneous and free of nearby obstacles. The observed fluxes varied from ∼ −80 to ∼ +140 ng NH3 m−2 s−1. Both the absolute flux values and the temporal patterns were highly similar, which substantiates that both instruments were able to measure NH3 fluxes at high temporal resolution. However, for wind directions with obstacles nearby, the correlations between the two techniques were weaker. The uptime of the miniDOAS system reached 100 % once operational, but regular intercalibration of the system was applied in this campaign (35 % of the 7-week uptime). Conversely, the HT8700E did not measure during and shortly after rain, and the coating of its mirrors tended to degrade (21 % data loss during the 5-week uptime). In addition, the NH3 concentrations measured by the HT8700E proved sensitive to air temperature, causing substantial differences (range: −15 to +6 µg m−3) between the two systems. To conclude, the miniDOAS system appears ready for long-term hands-off monitoring. The current HT8700E system, on the other hand, had a limited stand-alone operational time under the prevailing weather conditions. However, under relatively dry and low-dust conditions, the system can provide sound results, opening good prospects for future versions, also for monitoring applications. The new high temporal resolution data from these instruments can facilitate the study of processes behind NH3 dry deposition, allowing an improved understanding of these processes and better parameterisation in chemical transport models.

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Section: Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field comparison of two novel open-path instruments that measure dry deposition and emission of ammonia using flux-gradient and eddy covariance methods

et al. 2023

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“…Micrometeorological measurements (gradients, turbulent fluxes and surface energy budget components) with a 1-10 min time resolution ammonia gradient or 0.1-10 Hz highresolution direct measurements are required to estimate the air quality. The ammonia flux calculation methodology includes the (i) gradient, (ii) profile, (iii) eddy accumulation and (iv) direct eddy covariance methods [19]. The difficulty of the measurement is related to the reactivity of ammonia gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Meteorological Factors and the Time of Day on the Concentration of Ammonia in the Atmosphere Measured Using the Photoacoustic Method near a Cattle Farm—A Case Study

Kułek,

Weidinger

2023

Atmosphere

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Influences of animals, time of day, air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and direction on ammonia concentrations were investigated. A case study on a typical summer day from 7:00 to approximately 24:00 CEST (moderate wind speed, variable cloudiness and maximum global radiation higher than 950 W/m2) in west–central Poland is presented. Concentrations of this gas were measured at four heights (0.1–1.5 m), which were changed every 5 min, using a Nitrolux 1000 photoacoustic spectrometer. A micrometeorological station was established to also measure the surface energy budget components. The results presented are the average for each hour and for the entire day. The fine structure of concentration profiles, plume detection and uncertainty of ammonia flux calculation are also presented. The highest NH3 concentrations were at a 0.5 m height between 16:00 and 17:00 h when cows were grazing, but the lowest concentrations were between 23:00 and 24:00 h at the height of 1.5 m. The ammonia concentration increased with increasing air temperature and was the highest with a westerly wind direction and decreased with increasing air relative humidity. The greatest influence on the ammonia concentration was related to the presence of cows and the time of day, while a slightly smaller influence was noted in terms of air temperature and wind direction. A case study is suitable for presenting local effects, inhomogeneities and quantifying uncertainties in the bidirectional ammonia flux calculation.

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Experimental Methods for Estimating the Fluxes of Energy and Matter

Foken,

Mauder

2024

Springer Atmospheric Sciences

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Immission and Dry Deposition

Cited by 5 publications

References 184 publications

Field comparison of two novel open-path instruments that measure dry deposition and emission of ammonia using flux-gradient and eddy covariance methods

Field comparison of two novel open-path instruments that measure dry deposition and emission of ammonia using flux-gradient and eddy covariance methods

The Influence of Meteorological Factors and the Time of Day on the Concentration of Ammonia in the Atmosphere Measured Using the Photoacoustic Method near a Cattle Farm—A Case Study

Experimental Methods for Estimating the Fluxes of Energy and Matter

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