Immersion and branchial/transcutaneous irrigation anaesthesia with alfaxalone in a Mexican axolotl

McMillan, Matt; Leece, Elizabeth A

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00660.x

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In all cases, the DAP seemed to respond to an increase in the alfaxalone infusion rate and/or a decrease in the noxious stimulation. Apnoea was not observed in the study and the EtCO 2 was 21 (14,43). The spontaneous RR decreased from 23 (5,40) breaths/min at the time to induction of anaesthesia to an average of 16 (8,35) breaths/min 10 mins later, and stayed relatively constant throughout the study period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The anaesthesia time (from endotracheal intubation to the end of the infusion) was 115.5 (14,160) The average HR at induction (about 112 bpm) increased progressively over time and seemed to stabilise at an average of 165 bpm at 65 mins. Hypotension, defined as a DAP of <80 mmHg, was observed in 20 cats and responded well to increasing fluid therapy and lowering the depth of anaesthesia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical evaluation of alfaxalone to induce and maintain anaesthesia in cats undergoing neutering procedures

Beths

Touzot-Jourde

Musk

et al. 2013

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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This study looked at the use and efficacy of alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in cats. Following intramuscular medetomidine (20 μg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) premedication, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with intravenous alfaxalone. Patients were breathing 100% oxygen. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and indirect arterial blood pressure via Doppler (DAP) were recorded every 5 mins. Thirty-four cats (10 males and 24 females), between the age of 6 and 18 months, and weighing between 1.8 and 5.3 kg, and undergoing neutering procedures were included in this study. The results are presented as median (min, max) values. The time to first spontaneous movement (TS) was >30 mins in 19 cats, of which 12 received atipamezole for reversal of the effects of medetomidine. The TS was 53 (43, 130) mins in these 12 cats and 50 (40, 72) mins in the other seven cats. The body temperature in those 19 cats was significantly lower than the other cats (P = 0.05). The alfaxalone induction dose and maintenance infusion rate were1.7 (0.7, 3.0) mg/kg and 0.18 (0.06, 0.25) mg/kg/min, respectively. The HR, RR and DAP were 145 (68, 235) beats/min, 17 (5, 40) breaths/min and 110 (58, 210) mmHg, respectively. Apnoea was not observed in any cat. In conclusion, alfaxalone TIVA in combination with medetomidine and morphine premedication was effective in feral and domestic cats for the performance of neutering surgery; low body temperature might have resulted in longer recoveries in some cats.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation of alfaxalone to induce and maintain anaesthesia in cats undergoing neutering procedures

Beths

Touzot-Jourde

Musk

et al. 2013

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Alfaxalone has been used successfully in a wide variety of exotic species, including reptiles, amphibians, wallabies and rabbits, in combination with other drugs (Bouts and others 2011, McMillan and Leece 2011, Kischinovsky and others 2013). It produces fast anaesthetic induction, a smooth recovery and a dose-dependent respiratory depression was present with minimal cardiovascular effect in dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone for sedation in rabbits

et al. 2015

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Alfaxalone is a neuroactive steroid derivative of pregnanedione that was recently reintroduced to the market for use as an induction agent in small animal anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine an intramuscular alfaxalone dose for safe immobilisation. Ten healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used to evaluate a single intramuscular injection of alfaxalone. The design of the study was a three-way, complete block, cross-over trial to compare the effect of alfaxalone at three doses (4, 6 and 8 mg). The mean duration of the effect for the 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg doses was, respectively, 36.9 (95% CI (31.6 to 42.3)), 51.8 (46.4 to 57.2) and 58.4 (52.8 to 63.9) minutes. The loss of the righting reflex was achieved after 3.1 (2.5 to 3.8), 2.4 (1.7 to 3.1) and 2.3 (1.6 to 2.9) minutes, respectively. The mean duration of the effect for the 6 and 8 mg doses was significantly higher than for the 4 mg dose (with estimated differences of 14.8 95% CI (8.8 to 20.8) minutes and 21.4 (15.3 to 27.6) minutes, respectively). No significant dose effect was observed before the loss of the righting reflex (P=0.14). Ear pinching and limb withdrawal were elicited in all groups at every dose. Doses of 4 or 6 mg/kg could be recommended; higher doses do not provide clinical benefits and can be associated with anaesthetic complication.

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“…The cyclodextrin‐based formulation of alfaxalone has been investigated in two amphibian species, namely Lithobates catesbeiana (Posner et al. ) and Mexican axolotl (McMillan & Leece ), with conflicting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfaxalone anesthesia by immersion in oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis)

Adami

Spadavecchia

Angeli

et al. 2015

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Immersion and branchial/transcutaneous irrigation anaesthesia with alfaxalone in a Mexican axolotl

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical evaluation of alfaxalone to induce and maintain anaesthesia in cats undergoing neutering procedures

Clinical evaluation of alfaxalone to induce and maintain anaesthesia in cats undergoing neutering procedures

Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone for sedation in rabbits

Alfaxalone anesthesia by immersion in oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis)

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