Immediate effects of a real moderate interval-running training session on inflammatory profile

Azevedo, Ana Paula; Nóbrega, Clara; Lima, Joanna Darck Carola Correia; Matos-Neto, Emídio Marques de; Amadio, Alberto Carlos; Seelaender, Marília; Serrão, Júlio Cerca

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155150

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A total of 54 papers were included in the final analysis. Assorted conditions are associated with a wide range of cytokine releases (Table 2) (4–8, 11–17, 20–61). Two distinct groups can be identified when stratifying by the quantity of IL-6 released (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Drizzle—The Rationale for Abandoning “Cytokine Storm”

Stolarski

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2021

Shock

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: ''Cytokine storm'' has been used to implicate increased cytokine levels in the pathogenesis of serious clinical conditions. Similarities with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronoavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and the 2012 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome led early investigators to suspect a ''cytokine storm'' resulting in an unregulated inflammatory response associated with the significant morbidity and mortality induced by SARS CoV-2. The threshold of blood cytokines necessary to qualify as a ''cytokine storm'' has yet to be defined. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify cytokine levels released during 11 assorted clinical conditions or diseases. Weighted averages for various cytokines were calculated by multiplying the number of patients in the paper by the average concentration of each cytokine. Correlation between cytokine levels for individual conditions or diseases were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The literature was reviewed to determine blood levels of cytokines in a wide variety of clinical conditions. These conditions ranged from exercise and autoimmune disease to septic shock and therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells. The most frequently measured cytokine was IL-6 which ranged from 24,123 pg/mL in septic shock to 11 pg/mL after exercise. In patients with severe SARS CoV-2 infections, blood levels of IL-6 were only 43 pg/mL, nearly three magnitudes lower than IL-6 levels in patients with septic shock. The clinical presentations of these different diseases do not correlate with blood levels of cytokines. Additionally, there is poor correlation between the concentrations of different cytokines among the different diseases. Specifically, blood levels of IL-6 did not correlate with levels of IL-8, IL-10, or TNF. Septic shock had the highest concentrations of cytokines, yet multiple cytokine inhibitors have failed to demonstrate improved outcomes in multiple clinical trials. Patients with autoimmune diseases have very low blood levels of cytokines (rheumatoid arthritis, IL-6 ¼ 34 pg/mL; Crohn's disease, IL-6 ¼ 5 pg/mL), yet respond dramatically to cytokine inhibitors. Conclusion: The misleading term ''cytokine storm'' implies increased blood levels of cytokines are responsible for a grave clinical condition. Not all inflammatory conditions resulting in worsened disease states are correlated with significantly elevated cytokine levels, despite an association with the term ''cytokine storm''. ''Cytokine storm'' should be removed from the medical lexicon since it does not reflect the mediators driving the disease nor does it predict which diseases will respond to cytokine inhibitors.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%