Immediate bleeding complications in dental implants: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective: A review is made of the immediate or immediate postoperative bleeding complications in dental implants, with a view to identifying the areas of greatest bleeding risk, the causes of bleeding, the length of the implants associated with bleeding, the most frequently implicated blood vessels, and the treatments used to resolve these complications. Material and Methods: A Medline (PubMed) and Embase search was made of articles on immediate bleeding complications in dental implants published in English up until May 2014. Inclusion criteria: studies in humans subjects with severe bleeding immediately secondary to implant placement, which reported the time until the hemorrhage, the implant lenght, the possible cause of bleeding and the treatment. Exclusion criteria: patients receiving anticoagulation treatment. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The area with the largest number of bleeding complications corresponded to the mandibular canine. The cause of bleeding was lingual cortical bone perforation during implant placement, with damage to the sublingual artery. The implants associated with bleeding were those measuring 15 mm in length or more. Management focused on securing the airway (with intubation or tracheostomy if necessary), with bleeding control. Conclusions: It’s important to pay special attention when the implants are placed in the mandibular anterior zone, especially if long implants are used. The most frequently cause of bleeding was the perforation of the lingual plate. Treatment involves securing the airway, with bleeding control. Key words:Hemorrhage, complications, immediate, bleeding, dental implants.

Incidental findings of implant complications on postimplantation CBCTs: A cross‐sectional study

“…If those blood vessels are damaged, it can cause life threatening bleeding leading to airway obstruction. A recent systematic review acknowledged that such bleeding complications are rare, however it is important to understand the serious level of risk that is associated with lingual plate perforations . The review summarized that bleeding occurred immediately in 70.6% of patients following lingual plate perforations as well as up to 7 hours after the implant placement .…”

“…A recent systematic review acknowledged that such bleeding complications are rare, however it is important to understand the serious level of risk that is associated with lingual plate perforations . The review summarized that bleeding occurred immediately in 70.6% of patients following lingual plate perforations as well as up to 7 hours after the implant placement . Balaguer‐Marti and colleagues speculated this is due to slow yet persistent arterial bleeding, the possibility of artery vasospasm and the use of vasoconstrictors during the surgery .…”

“…35 Balaguer-Marti and colleagues speculated this is due to slow yet persistent arterial bleeding, the possibility of artery vasospasm and the use of vasoconstrictors during the surgery. 35 Although bleeding complications can arise during the implant surgery, surgeons must be considerate of the possibility for delayed bleeding. Such bleeding can lead to asphyxia as described by Felisati and colleagues.…”

Farkli Dental İmplantlarin Başari Oranlarinin Geri̇ye Dönük Olarak Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

“…12 Yapılan derlemelerde, dental implant tedavisinin 5 yıllık başarısının %95' ten fazla olduğu gösterilmektedir. 13 Sistemik hastalıkların dental implant tedavisi üzerindeki etkileri net değildir, çünkü konu ile ilgili bugüne kadar yayınlanan kontrollü randomize çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. 16 Bu sistemik hastalıklardan biri de diyabettir.…”

Assesment of submandibular fossa depth using cone beam computed tomography

“…These complications can include important complications such as hemorrhage, nerve injury, damage to adjacent teeth, and migration of implant to anatomical landmarks. [5][6][7][8] The submandibular fossa (SF) is a depression on the medial surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid line. 9 Mandibular posterior lingual concavity, varying according to anatomic structure of SF, is a common clinical finding and the risk of perforation is high particularly when the fossa is too deep.…”