Immature stages of<i>Parrhasius polibetes</i>(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): host plants, tending ants, natural enemies and morphology

Kaminski, Lucas A.; Rodrigues, Daniela; Freitas, André Victor Lucci

doi:10.1080/00222933.2011.651630

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The presence of the last three groups presumably enhances the number of ants on the mistletoes and increases the number of ant-caterpillar encounters. Parasitism on the egg stage was very low in contrast to other Eumaeini (Kaminski et al 2012, Bächtold et al 2014. Only two eggs found showed signs of parasitism, and none of the eggs brought to the laboratory were parasitized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Natural history of the mistletoe-feeding Thereus lomalarga (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) in Colombia

Heredia¹,

Robbins

2016

Zootaxa

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The natural history and morphology of the immature stages of the butterfly Thereus lomalarga Robbins, Heredia & Busby are described and illustrated. The food plant is Oryctanthus alveolatus (H.B.K.) Kuijt (Loranthaceae). Chaetotaxy of the first instar is described and compared with that of three locally studied Thereus species. Larvae have four instars, and the dorsal nectary organ becomes functional in the third instar. They are facultatively tended by ants belonging to seven genera that are attracted to O. alveolatus by floral disc nectaries, honeydew producing Hemiptera, and secretory wounds produced by Hemiptera on the fleshy inflorescence rachis. The average period from egg to eclosion under lab conditions was 35.68 days. Females emerged before males. Adults of both sexes feed on nectar from the flowers of the food plant and on hemipteran secretions; adults were not observed feeding on other flowers. Campopleginae and Chalcidinae were the most important parasitoids.Key words: Chaetotaxy, crypsis, honeydew , immatures, life cycle, Loranthaceae, myrmecophily, protogyny, Thereus ortalus ResumenSe describen e ilustran la historia natural y la morfología de los estados inmaduros de la mariposa Thereus lomalarga Robbins, Heredia & Busby. Se documenta la quetotaxia de primer instar y se compara en tres especies del género estudiadas localmente. Las larvas tienen cuatro instares y desde el tercero es funcional el órgano dorsal de néctar. Son atendidas facultativamente por hormigas que pertenecen a siete géneros y que llegan a su hospedero, Oryctanthus alveolatus (H.B.K.) Kuijt (Loranthaceae), atraídas por los nectarios del disco floral, por hemípteros productores de honeydew, y por heridas ocasionadas por hemípteros en el raquis carnoso de la inflorescencia. El promedio de duración del ciclo de vida fue 35.68 días y las hembras nacieron antes que los machos. Adultos de ambos sexos se alimentaron del néctar de las flores de su hospedero y de las secreciones de los hemípteros; nunca se observaron libando de otras flores. Los principales parasitoides fueron Campopleginae y Chalcidinae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Crypsis is widespread among eumaeine caterpillars (e.g., Monteiro 1991, Duarte et al 2005, Kaminski & Freitas 2012, Schmid et al 2010, including the larvae of T. lomalarga. The green morph has dorsal protuberances similar to the fruits of O. alveolatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of the mistletoe-feeding Thereus lomalarga (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) in Colombia

Heredia¹,

Robbins

2016

Zootaxa

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“…Th is plant family is not a recorded larval host of any other genus in the Panthiades Section, and within the Eumaeini, Annonaceae have been reported as host plants only for Arcas ducalis (Westwood 1852) and Pseudolycaena marsyas (L. 1758) (Zikán 1956;Lamas 1975;Brown 1992). Based on host plant records, most species within Eumaeini appear to be polyphagous, a trait possibly related with their specialization in reproductive tissues of plants (fl orivory) (see discussion in Kaminski et al 2012). Exceptions to this pattern, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Annonaceae) (fi g. 1). Th e collected larvae were reared in the laboratory in a plastic pot in ambient conditions with food ad libitum (following Kaminski et al 2012). Shed head capsules, pupal exuviae, and the adults are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia "Adão José Cardoso" (ZUEC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history ofPorthecla ravus(Druce) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with discussion on the use of Annonaceae by Eumaeini butterflies

Kaminski

Mota

Freitas

2012

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. The morphologies of the penultimate and last instar larvae and pupae of the hairstreak butterfl y Porthecla ravus (Druce 1907) are described and illustrated for the fi rst time. Larvae feed on fl ower buds and/or leaf primordia of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae). As observed for the closely related genus Oenomaus Hübner 1819, host plant records for P. ravus suggest a feeding specialization on Annonaceae. The obtained results on immature stage morphology and host plant use are compared with other related genera in Eumaeini and discussed. Résumé. Mode de vie de

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“…Trichogramma (Vanlisus) clotho is the Trichogramma species mentioned by Kaminski et al (2012) as one of the natural enemies of Parrhasius polibetes (Stoll, 1781) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). …”

Section: New Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New species, notes and new records of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Brazil

Querino

Mendes

Costa

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

887

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Immature stages ofParrhasius polibetes(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): host plants, tending ants, natural enemies and morphology

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Natural history of the mistletoe-feeding Thereus lomalarga (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) in Colombia

Natural history of the mistletoe-feeding Thereus lomalarga (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) in Colombia

Life history ofPorthecla ravus(Druce) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with discussion on the use of Annonaceae by Eumaeini butterflies

New species, notes and new records of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Brazil

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