Imidazole and benzotriazole derivatives as catalysts of curing of epoxy-anhydride binders

Fedoseev, M. S.; Zvereva, I. V.

doi:10.1134/s1070427208050212

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In general, the properties of epoxy–anhydride thermosets are dependent on the structural nature of the anhydride, , the concentration of epoxides and anhydride, and the type and concentration of catalyst. ,, This study involves ESEFAs having an average degree of substitution of 7.7 (i.e., ESL, ESSF, and ESS) and 6 (i.e., ESSB6) and with different epoxidized fatty acids ranging from 16 to 18 carbon atoms yielding varying epoxide content. The key difference among the fully substituted ESEFAs (i.e., ESL, ESSF, and ESS) is the epoxide content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tertiary amines, imidazoles, and their derivatives are usually used as the catalyst. 16,17 The curing kinetics of external epoxies with anhydrides have been extensively studied using FT-Raman spectroscopy, 18 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 19 and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 20 Boey et al developed an experimental model using DSC isothermal and nonisothermal methods to elucidate an accurate curing kinetics model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epoxy–anhydride thermosets using external epoxy compounds (e.g., diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane (TGDDM)) have been widely used as electrically insulating materials. Tertiary amines, imidazoles, and their derivatives are usually used as the catalyst. , The curing kinetics of external epoxies with anhydrides have been extensively studied using FT-Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) . Boey et al developed an experimental model using DSC isothermal and nonisothermal methods to elucidate an accurate curing kinetics model .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Biobased Content Epoxy–Anhydride Thermosets from Epoxidized Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids

2011

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Novel highly functional biobased epoxy compounds, epoxidized sucrose esters of fatty acids (ESEFAs), were cross-linked with a liquid cycloaliphatic anhydride to prepare polyester thermosets. The degree of cure or conversion was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the sol content of the thermosets was determined using solvent extraction. The mechanical properties were studied using tensile testing to determine Young's modulus, tensile stress, and elongation at break. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to determine glass-transition temperature, storage modulus, and cross-link density. The nanomechanical properties of the surfaces were studied using nanoindentation to determine reduced modulus and indentation hardness. The properties of coatings on steel substrates were studied to determine coating hardness, adhesion, solvent resistance, and mechanical durability. Compared with the control, epoxidized soybean oil, the anhydride-cured ESEFAs have high modulus and are hard and ductile, high-performance thermoset materials while maintaining a high biobased content (71-77% in theory). The exceptional performance of the ESEFAs is attributed to the unique structure of these macromolecules: well-defined compact structures with high epoxide functionality. These biobased thermosets have potential uses in applications such as composites, adhesives, and coatings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Biobased Content Epoxy–Anhydride Thermosets from Epoxidized Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids

2011

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“…Imidazoles appear to be promising curing catalysts [9][10][11]. It has been shown in [10,12] that polymers synthesized using imidazole catalysts and curing agents have larger heat resistance, adhesion, and water resistance. While investigating kinetics and interaction mechanism of epoxides with acid anhydrides in the presence of imidazoles, these imidazoles were shown to be comparable with tertiary amines in catalytic action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To resolve this technological problem, imidazole adducts and their salts with metals (Cu, Ni, and Co) were synthesized. The mentioned compounds have latent reactivity (latency) at low temperatures and disintegrate at high temperatures into initial constituents of adducts, while catalyzing curing reactions of polymers [12][13][14]. 1,3-Dialkylimidazole salts, as being ionic liquids, can, arguably, also be regarded as adducts of this kind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts as New Catalysts to Produce Epoxy-anhydride Polymers with Improved Properties

Fedoseev

Груздев

Derzhavinskaya

2014

International Journal of Polymer Science

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We report the curing process of epoxy oligomers by using isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride catalyzed with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts. Catalytic action has been ascertained to be dependent on the nature of anion. Salts with(Br-)and(PO4-)anions appeared to be most active. Formation of salt adducts with epoxy resin and anhydride is shown. Polymers having higher values of strength and glass transition temperature—as compared with similar epoxy systems cured in the presence of tertiary amines as catalysts—are prepared.

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Manufacture of Epoxy Resin/Liquid Rubber Blends

Serjouei

Bakar

Yang

et al. 2014

Micro‐ and Nanostructured Epoxy/Rubber Blends

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IntroductionEpoxy monomers are highly viscous liquid molecules that contain at least two or more three-membered ring structures consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms in a way that is formed, and is known as epoxy, oxirane, ethoxyline, or glycidyl group. Commercial epoxy resins contain aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic backbones. The most widely used one is epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A derived resins. But most epoxies are thermoplastic resins that have little value until they are cured with cross-linking agents. The choice of a curing agent depends on a variety of factors including cost; processing method; curing conditions; environmental limitations; and the mechanical, chemical, electrical, and thermal properties desired in the cured resin.Epoxy resins undergo curing in the presence of many different bi-or multifunctional compounds by a ring-opening reaction, resulting in the formation of an interconnected three-dimensional molecular network. The reaction mechanism and the curing process determine the characteristics of the 3D network and its physical and mechanical properties. The reaction conditions and rate of reaction are determined by the nature of curing agent used. Certain hardeners allow a partial curing at room temperature favoring linear polymerization followed by high temperatures during the post-curing in order to produce the cross-linking [1,2]. Usually, an increase in the curing temperature tends to increase the cross-link density and thus leads to a brittle polymer. In general, polyfunctional aliphatic amines, polysulfides, and polyamidoamines are used when ambient-temperature cures are desired. In contrast, aromatic amines, anhydrides, phenolics, ureas, imidazoles, and other resinous hardeners generally require processing at elevated temperatures to effect a cure.

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Imidazole and benzotriazole derivatives as catalysts of curing of epoxy-anhydride binders

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

High Biobased Content Epoxy–Anhydride Thermosets from Epoxidized Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids

High Biobased Content Epoxy–Anhydride Thermosets from Epoxidized Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts as New Catalysts to Produce Epoxy-anhydride Polymers with Improved Properties

Manufacture of Epoxy Resin/Liquid Rubber Blends

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