Imaging of the Diaphragm: Anatomy and Function

Nason, Laura K; Walker, Christopher M.; McNeeley, Michael F.; Burivong, Wanaporn; Fligner, Corinne L.; Godwin, J. David

doi:10.1148/rg.322115127

Cited by 259 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This contraction promotes chest expansion and reduction of intrathoracic pressure, thus allowing the air to enter the lungs. The expiration occurs by relaxing the diaphragm and other activated muscles and, predominantly, by the lung elastic recoil 34 . The effectiveness of diaphragm depends, above all, on the stability of the abdominal wall, which promotes the visceral support during inspiration and also depends on the stability of the lumbar paraspinal muscles, the site of vertebral insertion of the diaphragm.…”

Section: Implications Of Mouth Breathing On the Respiratory Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicações da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios

et al. 2016

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The mouth breathing syndrome is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, which may be present in subjects who replace an adequate and efficient nasal breathing mode by the mouth or mist breathing mode, for a period equal or superior of six months. The mouth or mist breathing mode may be associated to changes in the ventilatory function and mechanics. This review has the objective of investigating more deeply the consequences of the mouth breathing in the lung function and respiratory muscles, emphasizing the development of such changes since childhood to adult age. Eighteen articles were selected through data basis PubMed and Web of Science and they were grouped in the text, comprehending the follow topics:1) Implications of mouth breathing on the lung function and 2)Implications of mouth breathing on the respiratory muscles. From the information derivate of the analyzed articles, it may realized that few studies reject or did not find some relation between pulmonary changes and mouth breathing. It was suggested that the muscular unbalance produced by these changes may contribute for the mechanic disadvantage of the diaphragm muscle and increase of accessory inspiratory muscles work. Nevertheless, studies with more selective method, including objective and reproducible evaluation of the respiratory muscles are still need. Keywords: Mouth Breathing; Respiratory System; Pulmonary Ventilation; Respiratory Muscles RESUMO A Síndrome do Respirador Oral é caracterizada por um conjunto de sinais e sintomas que podem estar presentes em indivíduos que substituem o modo adequado e eficiente da respiração nasal pelo modo respiratório oral ou misto, por um período igual ou superior a seis meses. O modo respiratório oral ou misto pode estar associado a mudanças na função e mecânica ventilatória. Esta revisão tem como objetivo investigar mais profundamente as consequências da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios, ressaltando o desenvolvimento de tais alterações desde a infância até a idade adulta. Foram selecionados 18 artigos por meio das bases de dados Pubmed e Web of Science e foram agrupados no texto, compreendendo os seguintes tópicos: 1) Implicações da respiração oral sobre a função pulmonar e 2) Implicações da respiração oral sobre os músculos respiratórios. A partir das informações oriundas dos resultados dos artigos analisados, percebe-se que poucos estudos refutam ou não encontram alguma relação entre as alterações pulmonares e a respiração oral. Sugere-se que, o desequilíbrio muscular produzido por estas alterações pode contribuir para a desvantagem mecânica do músculo diafragma e aumento do trabalho dos músculos acessórios da inspiração. Entretanto, são necessários estudos com métodos mais criteriosos, incluindo avaliações objetivas e reprodutíveis dos músculos respiratórios.

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Section: Implications Of Mouth Breathing On the Respiratory Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicações da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios

et al. 2016

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“…The mechanical process of breathing involves rib cage movement, the diaphragm being the main muscle, which contracts during inspiration in conjunction with accessory muscles, including external intercostals, sternocleidomastoids and scalenes (27). By maintaining higher respiratory load, the diaphragm can decrease its activity, and accessory muscle recruitment, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle, becomes necessary (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body posture and pulmonary function in mouth and nose breathing children: cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Mouth breathing can lead to changes in body posture and pulmonary function. However, the consequences are still inconclusive and a number of studies are controversial. Objective: Evaluate and correlate spirometric parameters and postural measures in mouth breathing children, and compare them to nose breathers. Methods: two groups of 6 to 12 year-old children were evaluated: mouth breathers (MB, n = 55) and nose breathers (NB, n = 45). Spirometry and body posture analysis using photogrammetry (SAPo 0.68® v) were carried out. The following spirometric measures were evaluated: peak expiratory low (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio (%) and forced expiratory low between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF 25-75%). Biophotogrammetric measures analyzed were: horizontal alignment of acromions (HAA) and anterior superior iliac spine (HAASIS), Charpy angle, horizontal alignment of the head (HAH), cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), cervical distance (CD) and lumbar distance (LD). Results: There were no intergroup differences in spirometric and postural variables. Positive and moderate correlations were found between CL and CD measures with PEF, FEV1, FVC and FEF 25-75%, while weak correlations were observed between lumbar lordosis and PEF, FEV1 and FVC. Conclusion: The breathing mode had no in luence on postural and respiratory measures. However, greater forward head posture, with smaller cervical lordosis, was related to higher lung volumes and lows in both groups.

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“…También pasan a su través las raíces mediales de la vena ácigos y hemiácigos, el tronco simpático y los nervios esplácnicos. Como reseñan Nason et al (2012) esta disposición anatómica hace que el diafragma presente zonas debilitadas que puede ocasionar su rotura cuando se somete a hiperpresiones. Cuando las cavidades pleurales están separadas de la cavidad pericárdica, permanecen un tiempo en comunicación directa con la cavidad peritoneal porque el diafragma todavía es incompleto.…”

Section: Anatomía Y Embriologíaunclassified

Hernias diafragmáticas traumáticas: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso

Azpitarte

Martín-Albo

Jiménez

et al. 2017

Revista Complutense De Ciencias Veterinarias

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RESÚMENLa hernia diafragmática postraumática es una lesión que ocurre como consecuencia de traumatismos cerrados o penetrantes del abdomen y del tórax. Se asocia a una elevada morbimortalidad en muchos casos, y la sospecha clínica es esencial en su diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 52 años intervenido por una hernia diafragmática izquierda en el Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid en 2012, diagnosticada diez años después de un accidente de tráfico. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido ilustrar con un caso clínico las características más habituales recogidas en la literatura de este tipo de patología, incidiendo en los aspectos embriológicos, anatómicos, epidemiológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos más importantes.Palabras clave: Hernia diafragmática traumática. SUMMARYTraumatic diaphragmatic hernia is an injury resulting of blunt or penetrating abdomen or chest trauma. It is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality, and clinical suspicion is essential for the diagnosis. We report a case of a 52 year old patient operated of a left diaphragmatic hernia at San Carlos Hospital in Madrid in 2012, diagnosed ten years after a traffic accident. The goal of the work was to illustrate with a case the most common features in the literature of this

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Imaging of the Diaphragm: Anatomy and Function

Cited by 259 publications

References 45 publications

Implicações da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios

Implicações da respiração oral na função pulmonar e músculos respiratórios

Body posture and pulmonary function in mouth and nose breathing children: cross-sectional study

Hernias diafragmáticas traumáticas: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso

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