Imaging of giant cell tumor of bone

Abstract

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive and destructive lesion generally occurring in skeletally mature individuals. Typically involving the epiphysiometaphyseal region of long bones, the most common sites include the distal femur, proximal tibia and distal radius. On radiographs, GCT demonstrates a lytic lesion centered in the epiphysis but involving the metaphysis and extending at least in part to the adjacent articular cortex. Most are eccentric, but become symmetric and centrally located with growth. Most cases show circumscribed borders or so-called geographical destruction with no periosteal reaction unless a pathological fracture is present. There is no mineralized tumor matrix. Giant cell tumor can produce wide-ranging appearances depending on site, complications such as hemorrhage or pathological fracture and after surgical intervention. This review demonstrates a spectrum of these features and describes the imaging characteristics of GCT in conventional radiographs, computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scans, positron emission tomography scans and angiography.

Denosumab treatment for progressive skull base giant cell tumor of bone in a 14 year old female – a case report and literature review

“…Giant cell tumor of bone most often occurs in young adults and involves the epiphysiometaphyseal region of long bones [3–6]. Only a minority of patients present with tumors in axial sites [7–11], and such manifestations are exceptionally rare in pediatric patients.…”

“…These neoplasms usually occur in young adults (aged 20–40 years) [3–5], and typically involve the epiphysiometaphyseal region of long bones (e.g., the knee region) [6]. Less than 1% of all GCTs are found in the skull (mostly arising from sphenoid or temporal bones) [7–10] and the largest series of patients with affection of the cervical spine encompassed only 22 patients [11].…”

Contemporary adjuvant polymethyl methacrylate cementation optimally limits recurrence in primary giant cell tumor of bone patients compared to bone grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone are primary bone tumors of mesenchymal origin that commonly present as localized osteolytic lesions in the epiphysiometaphyseal region of long bones, though these tumors also occur with relatively lower frequency in other bone monostotic processes [1]. GCTs account for up to 20% of all primary skeletal neoplasms [1] and 5% of all adult primary bone tumors [2].…”

“…GCTs account for up to 20% of all primary skeletal neoplasms [1] and 5% of all adult primary bone tumors [2]. Recurrence reports in patient subpopulations vary, ranging from 0% to 65% [2].…”

Penatalaksanaan Giant Cell Tumor pada Distal Radius: Sebuah Laporan Kasus

“…5 GCT memiliki gambaran mikroskopis yang menyerupai tumor tulang lainnya, yang juga memiliki gambaran multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cell seperti chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid, fibroma, dan giant cell sarcoma. 6 Penegakan diagnosis melalui pemeriksaan patologi anatomi tetap perlu dikonfirmasi dengan penemuan klinis. 7 Banyak modalitas penatalaksanaan yang tersedia, tetapi 50% pasien ternyata tetap mengalami rekurensi lokal, bahkan pada beberapa kasus dapat terjadi metastasis ke paru.…”