Imaging for central nervous system (CNS) interstitial fluidopathy: disorders with impaired interstitial fluid dynamics

Taoka, Toshiaki; Naganawa, Shinji

doi:10.1007/s11604-020-01017-0

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…25,26 Venous and interstitial fluid flows are also important components of the glymphatic system, which is the waste clearance mechanism of the central nervous system. 25,27,28 In the present study, an evaluation of the venous CSA in a static state showed no significant association between EH grades in the cochlea or vestibule for the IJV or IPS. However, the SPS was associated significantly with EH grade.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Cross-sectional Area of the Superior Petrosal Sinus is Reduced in Patients with Significant Endolymphatic Hydrops

Naganawa¹,

Ito²,

Kawai³

et al. 2022

magn reson med sci

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Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the size of the venous structures related to the inner ear and the degree of endolymphatic hydrops (EH). Methods: Thirty-four patients with a suspicion of EH underwent whole brain MR imaging including the inner ear. Images were obtained pre- and post-administration, and at 4 and 24 hours after the intravenous administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent (IV-GBCA). The cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the internal jugular vein (IJV), superior petrosal sinus (SPS), and inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) were measured on the magnetization prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo (MPRAGE) images obtained immediately after the IV-GBCA. The grade of EH was determined on the hybrid of reversed image of positive endolymph signal and native image of positive perilymph signal (HYDROPS) images obtained at 4 hours after IV-GBCA as no, mild, and significant EH according to the previously proposed grading system for the cochlea and vestibule, respectively. The ipsilateral CSA was compared between groups with each level of EH grade. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between EH grades for the CSA of the IJV or that of the IPS in either the cochlea or the vestibule. The CSA of the SPS in the groups with significant EH was significantly smaller than that in the group with no EH, for both the cochlea ( P < 0.01) and the vestibule ( P < 0.05). In an ROC analysis to predict significant EH, the cut-off CSA value in the SPS was 3.905 mm 2 for the cochlea (AUC: 0.8762, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7952‒0.9572) and 3.805 mm 2 for the vestibule (AUC: 0.7727, 95% CI: 0.6539‒0.8916). Conclusion: In the ears with significant EH in the cochlea or vestibule, the CSA of the ipsilateral SPS was smaller than in the ears without EH.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Cross-sectional Area of the Superior Petrosal Sinus is Reduced in Patients with Significant Endolymphatic Hydrops

Naganawa¹,

Ito²,

Kawai³

et al. 2022

magn reson med sci

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“…Perturbing any of these fluid compartments can alter the brain dynamics, potentially increasing intracranial pressure, affecting perfusion, and hampering the clearance of metabolic waste. [34][35][36]…”

Section: Significance Of the Glymphatic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glymphatic System: A Review of the Challenges in Visualizing its Structure and Function with MR Imaging

Naganawa

Taoka

2022

MRMS

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The central nervous system (CNS) was previously thought to be the only organ system lacking lymphatic vessels to remove waste products from the interstitial space. Recently, based on the results from animal experiments, the glymphatic system was hypothesized. In this hypothesis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the periarterial spaces, enters the interstitial space of the brain parenchyma via aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels in the astrocyte end feet, and then exits through the perivenous space, thereby clearing waste products. From the perivenous space, the interstitial fluid drains into the subarachnoid space and meningeal lymphatics of the parasagittal dura. It has been reported that the glymphatic system is particularly active during sleep. Impairment of glymphatic system function might be a cause of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus, glaucoma, and others. Meningeal lymphatics regulate immunity in the CNS. Many researchers have attempted to visualize the function and structure of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics in vivo using MR imaging. In this review, we aim to summarize these in vivo MR imaging studies and discuss the significance, current limitations, and future directions. We also discuss the significance of the perivenous cyst formation along the superior sagittal sinus, which is recently discovered in the downstream of the glymphatic system.

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“…However, the mechanism for hydrocephalus is not fully understood. For example, itiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a type of communicating hydrocephalus for which the pathophysiology is not fully understood; thus, the diagnosis is mainly based on a combination of clinical and imaging findings [13][14][15][16]. Several imaging findings have been reported for iNPH in addition to ventricular dilatation, including narrow high-convexity sulci, dilation of the Sylvian fissures, focally enlarged sulci, callosal angle, or periventricular white matter hyperintensities [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion analysis of fluid dynamics with incremental strength of motion proving gradient (DANDYISM) to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

et al. 2021

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Purpose To visualize and analyze the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion in the cranium, we evaluated the distribution of motion-related signal dephasing by CSF on Diffusion ANalysis of fluid DYnamics with Incremental Strength of Motion proving gradient (DANDYISM) method, a composite imaging method using various low b values. Materials and methods This study examined ten subjects aged 25–58. We acquired DWIs on a 3T clinical scanner with b values 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 700, and 1000 s/mm2 in total imaging time of 4 min. We constructed DANDYISM images and evaluated the CSF area distribution with decreased motion-dephasing signal using a scoring method. Results The DANDYISM images showed statistically significant higher CSF scores in the ventral posterior fossa, suprasellar cistern, and Sylvian vallecula compared to the lateral ventricle and frontal and parietal CSF spaces, indicating greater CSF movement in the former areas. Conclusion The results indicated prominent CSF motions in the ventral portion of the posterior fossa, suprasellar cistern, and Sylvian fissure but smaller motions in the lateral ventricles and parietal subarachnoid space. This method may provide information of CSF dynamics in the clinical settings within short imaging time.

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Imaging for central nervous system (CNS) interstitial fluidopathy: disorders with impaired interstitial fluid dynamics

Cited by 60 publications

References 106 publications

Cross-sectional Area of the Superior Petrosal Sinus is Reduced in Patients with Significant Endolymphatic Hydrops

Cross-sectional Area of the Superior Petrosal Sinus is Reduced in Patients with Significant Endolymphatic Hydrops

The Glymphatic System: A Review of the Challenges in Visualizing its Structure and Function with MR Imaging

Diffusion analysis of fluid dynamics with incremental strength of motion proving gradient (DANDYISM) to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

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