Imaging Diagnosis—pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in a Dog

Bertolini, Giovanna; Stefanello, Cristiano; Caldín, Marco

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.01494.x

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Emphysema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of air within body tissues 7. Unlike a reported case of canine interstitial emphysema,8 free gas was not identified in the left lung interstitium. Similarly, free gas was not identified tracking along the bronchial tree or pulmonary vasculature as identified in a reported case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum 9.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Right lung agenesis in a one‐year‐old Chihuahua

Martínez¹,

Rowan

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A one-year-old neutered male Chihuahua was referred for further investigations of spontaneous pneumothorax. Before referral, thoracocentesis and chest drain placement was performed. On presentation, the dog was dull and dyspnoeic displaying a restrictive respiratory pattern. Thoracic radiography and CT findings performed at the referral centre were consistent with right lung agenesis and pneumothorax. Retrospective review of the radiographs obtained at the referring practice identified right-sided mediastinal shift, separation of the cardiac silhouette from the sternum and overinflated left lung lobes. Neither free intrathoracic gas nor subcutaneous emphysema was identified. The initial images were suboptimally displayed resulting in artefactual ‘blackening’ of the lung parenchyma, necessitating digital manipulation to identify lung markings. The combination of mediastinal shift and separation of the cardiac silhouette from the sternum as a result of the right lung agenesis could potentially lead to a false impression of pneumothorax.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Right lung agenesis in a one‐year‐old Chihuahua

Martínez¹,

Rowan

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…In the dog of the present report, diffuse interstitial pulmonary pattern was observed on the radiograph but pulmonary interstitial emphysema was not readily identified. In this case, CT was helpful to identify the air surrounding the lobar artery, producing a “ring‐around‐the artery” sign indicative of pulmonary interstitial emphysema and diffuse hazy increased parenchymal attenuation (ground‐glass attenuation) compatible with fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage . The features of fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema were supported by the histological findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Imaging Diagnosis—spontaneous Pneumomediastinum Secondary to Primary Pulmonary Pathology in a Dalmatian Dog

Agut

Talavera

Buendía

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A 1.5-year-old, 23 kg intact male Dalmatian dog was evaluated for acute respiratory insufficiency without a previous history of trauma or toxic exposition. Imaging revealed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and pneumoretroperitoneum. Histopathological evaluation of the lungs revealed perivascular and peribronchial emphysema, mild lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia with atypical proliferation of type II pneumocytes in bronchioles and alveoli. A lung disease resembling fibrosing interstitial pneumonia in man and cats has been previously reported in Dalmatians and should be included as a differential diagnosis for Dalmatians with this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.

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“…Consistent and valid descriptions are desirable for effective documentation and communication of results. Terms such as ground‐glass opacity, consolidation, atelectasis, collapse, and nodules are used to describe the imaging appearance of diseases involving the pulmonary acini, but they have not been associated with specific histologic findings in a large variety of canine pulmonary diseases . In people, a glossary of terms for thoracic imaging has been published .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terms such as ground-glass opacity, consolidation, atelectasis, collapse, and nodules are used to describe the imaging appearance of diseases involving the pulmonary acini, but they have not been associated with specific histologic findings in a large variety of canine pulmonary diseases. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In people, a glossary of terms for thoracic imaging has been published. 13 These terms provide a useful guide for interpretation, and reflect an improved understanding of the relationships among the imaging ap-pearance of lung disease, underlying anatomy, modality specific principles of image acquisition and display, and histologic abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Among Subgross Anatomy, Computed Tomography, and Histologic Findings in Dogs With Disease Localized to the Pulmonary Acini

Scrivani

Thompson

Dykes

et al. 2011

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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During computed tomography (CT), the appearance of disease involving the pulmonary acinus may be described using terms such as atelectasis, ground-glass opacity, or consolidation. These CT signs, however, have not been correlated with histologic findings in canine pulmonary disease. To facilitate interpretation of lung diseases by CT signs, our goals were to review the morphologic organization of the lung and evaluate the medical records of four dogs with different types of pulmonary acinar disease. Anatomic review focused on understanding the pulmonary acinus and the secondary pulmonary lobule; the secondary pulmonary lobule is a fundamental unit for interpretation in people. All dogs had similar CT findings of fully expanded lungs with increased attenuation and partial-to-complete obscuring of the pulmonary blood vessels. Histologic findings varied between dogs and included partial-to-complete filling of airspaces with cells or fluid, interstitial thickening, increased capillary blood volume, or a combination of these findings. Final diagnoses were hemorrhagic pneumonia, bronchiolar carcinoma, metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma, and pulmonary edema. In summary, the morphologic organization of the lungs is complex and has implications for diagnostic interpretation needing further evaluation in dogs. In this study, increased lung attenuation during CT due to disease localized to the pulmonary acini was due to the displacement of air from the lungs and not to the microscopic distribution of lesions within the pulmonary acinus. Imaging descriptors that classify diseases according to structures larger than the pulmonary acini, for example, regions of the secondary pulmonary lobule or larger, may be appropriate for dogs.

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Imaging Diagnosis—pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in a Dog

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Right lung agenesis in a one‐year‐old Chihuahua

Right lung agenesis in a one‐year‐old Chihuahua

Imaging Diagnosis—spontaneous Pneumomediastinum Secondary to Primary Pulmonary Pathology in a Dalmatian Dog

Relationships Among Subgross Anatomy, Computed Tomography, and Histologic Findings in Dogs With Disease Localized to the Pulmonary Acini

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