Imaging Catastrophic Optical Mirror Damage in High-Power Diode Lasers

Ziegler, Mathias; Tomm, Jens W.; Zeimer, U.; Elsaesser, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s11664-010-1146-z

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Moreover, the thermal runaway in COD creates a 'thermal flash' of Planck's radiation which can be detected by thermography. Although this 'thermal flash' of infrared emission does not allow for any direct T facet -measurement, it unambiguously indicates the onset of the thermal runaway and can be used for COD analysis [24,74,87,151,152]. This approach will be discussed in chapter 4.…”

Section: Further Approaches For Facet Temperature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COD in 650 nm emitting BA lasers with a stripe width of 100 μm has been investigated by Ziegler et al [74,151] in L I-type experiments. Figures 8a-c show thermal images 2.3 ms before, directly at, and 2.3 ms after the onset of the thermal runaway.…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(online color at: www.lpr-journal.org) Data of red-emitting devices during cw operation according to Ziegler et al[151]. Thermal images: (a) 2.3 ms (i. e., one camera frame) before COD (device shape is marked by dotted lines); (b) at COD, exhibiting a distinct thermal flash (marked by arrow); and (c) 2.3 ms after COD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and fast kinetics of the catastrophic optical damage (COD) in GaAs‐based diode lasers

Tomm

Ziegler

Hempel

et al. 2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Semiconductor lasers are the most efficient manmade narrow-band light sources and convert up to threequarters of electric energy into light. High-power diode lasers are characterized by very high internal power densities in their small cavity, resulting in local heating and sometimes device degradation. Catastrophic optical damage (COD) of diode lasers is a relevant degradation mechanism and limit for reaching ultrahigh optical powers. An overview is given on research activities targeting the mechanisms being relevant for the COD process in GaAs-based diode lasers emitting in the 630-1100 nm range. The discussion of experiments, where COD is artificially provoked, represents the main topic. The sequence of events and fast kinetics taking place on a nanosecond to microsecond time scale are addressed. A particular emphasis is laid on recent experimental work performed in the authors' laboratories. Paving the way for knowledge-based solutions towards more robust diode lasers represents the ultimate goal of this work. COD diagram determined for a batch of broad-area AlGaAs diode lasers. The time to COD within a single current pulse is plotted versus the actual average optical power in the moment when the COD takes place. Full circles stand for clearly identified COD events (right ordinate), whereas open circles (left ordinate) represent the pulse duration in experiments, where no COD has been detected. A borderline (gray) exists between two regions, i. e., parameter sets, of presence (orange) and absence of COD (blue). This borderline is somewhat blurred because of the randomness in filamentation of the laser nearfield and scatter in properties of the involved individual devices.

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Section: Further Approaches For Facet Temperature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and fast kinetics of the catastrophic optical damage (COD) in GaAs‐based diode lasers

Tomm

Ziegler

Hempel

et al. 2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…This equation was solved using the method of Green's functions and, after imposing the necessary boundary and initial conditions, the time-dependent temperature profiles for the laser were computed. A comparison between the results for catastrophic degradation times vs. amplitude of the pulses as derived from the models by Henry et al [31], Kappeler et al [34] and Nakwaski [35], is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Physical Models For Codmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermomechanical issues of high power laser diode catastrophic optical damage

Souto

Pura

Jiménez

2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Catastrophic optical degradation (COD) of high power laser diodes is a crucial factor limiting ultra high power lasers. The understanding of the COD process is essential to improve the endurance of the high power laser diodes. The COD is observed as a process in which the active part of the laser diode is destroyed, forming characteristic defects, the so called dark line defects (DLDs). The DLDs are formed by arrays of dislocations generated during the laser operation. Local heating associated with non-radiative recombination is assumed to be at the origin of the COD process. A summary of the methods used to assess the COD, both in real time and post-mortem is presented. The main approaches developed in the last years to model the heat transport in the laser structures under non homogeneous temperature distribution are overviewed. Special emphasis is paid to the impact of the low dimensionality of QWs in two physical properties playing a major role in the COD process, namely, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. A discussion about the impact of the nanoscale in both physical properties is presented. Finally, we summarize the main issues of the thermomechanical modelling of COD. Within this model the COD is launched when the local thermal stresses generated around the heat source overcome the yield stress of the active zone of the laser. The thermal runaway is related to the sharp decrease of the thermal conductivity once the onset of plasticity has been reached in the active zone of the laser.

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“…In the narrow stripe index-guided laser diode design, the fundamental waveguide mode is used and its mode size is limited to be around several microns. However, high power operation requires a broad-area, large emitting aperture to overcome catastrophic optical damage (COD) and help with heat dissipation 4 , 5 . A commercial available high-power broad-area laser diode usually has a width of ~100 μm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional photonic crystal Bragg lasers with triangular lattice for monolithic coherent beam combining

Zhu

Zhao

Zhu

2017

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate an electrically pumped, single-mode, large area, edge-emitting InGaAsP/InP two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) Bragg laser with triangular lattice. The laser operates in the single transverse and longitudinal modes with a single lobe, near-diffraction-limited far field. We compare the performance of the triangular-lattice PC Bragg laser with the rectangular-lattice PC Bragg laser fabricated from the same wafer and find that their performances are comparable. Then, we combine two single triangular-lattice PC Bragg lasers that tilt to opposite directions by taking advantage of the symmetry of the single emitter cavity mode. The measurement results show that the combined PC Bragg lasers provide the near-diffraction-limited output beam, and the single wavelength operation is also maintained in the coherently combined broad-area PC Bragg lasers.

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Imaging Catastrophic Optical Mirror Damage in High-Power Diode Lasers

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Mechanisms and fast kinetics of the catastrophic optical damage (COD) in GaAs‐based diode lasers

Mechanisms and fast kinetics of the catastrophic optical damage (COD) in GaAs‐based diode lasers

Thermomechanical issues of high power laser diode catastrophic optical damage

Two-dimensional photonic crystal Bragg lasers with triangular lattice for monolithic coherent beam combining

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