“…Recall that all participants in the current study were college students. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to find college students in Baja California (let alone Southern California) regions who are monolingual Spanish speakers, because English language classes are common in many private and some public school curricula in Mexico, and are compulsory at the university level ( Sierra and Padilla, 2003 ; O’Donnell, 2010 ; Torres-Olave, 2012 ). Of course, similar-aged monolingual Spanish participants who do not attend university could have been included in the current study, but their inclusion might have introduced production patterns associated with sociolinguistic factors other than their monolingual status ( Lippi-Green, 1997 ; Lipski, 2008 ; Coloma, 2011 ).…”