Images of Smokers and Willingness to Smoke Among African American Pre-adolescents: An Application of the Prototype/Willingness Model of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior to Smoking Initiation

Gerrard, Meg; Gibbons, Frederick X.; Stock, Michelle L.; Lune, Linda S. Vande; Cleveland, Michael J.

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsi026

Cited by 186 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, as Gibbons, Gerrard, and Lane (2003) write, "it is not specific characteristics of the images that motivate behavior (as goals), but rather the general impression of the type of person who engages that is influential" (p. 127). Consistent with fuzzy-trace theory, it is the valence alone rather than details of an image of "smokers" that predicts whether adolescents will smoke (see also Finucane, Peters, & Slovic, 2003;Gerrard, Gibbons, Stock, Vande Lune, & Cleveland, 2005).…”

Section: Valencementioning

confidence: 93%

Risk taking under the influence: A fuzzy-trace theory of emotion in adolescence

Rivers

Reyna

Mills

2008

Developmental Review

199

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fuzzy-trace theory explains risky decision making in children, adolescents, and adults, incorporating social and cultural factors as well as differences in impulsivity. Here, we provide an overview of the theory, including support for counterintuitive predictions (e.g., when adolescents "rationally" weigh costs and benefits, risk taking increases, but it decreases when the core gist of a decision is processed). Then, we delineate how emotion shapes adolescent risk taking-from encoding of representations of options, to retrieval of values/principles, to application of those values/principles to representations of options. Our review indicates that: (i) Gist representations often incorporate emotion including valence, arousal, feeling states, and discrete emotions; and (ii) Emotion determines whether gist or verbatim representations are processed. We recommend interventions to reduce unhealthy risk-taking that inculcate stable gist representations, enabling adolescents to identify quickly and automatically danger even when experiencing emotion, which differs sharply from traditional approaches emphasizing deliberation and precise analysis. Keywords adolescence; risk taking; fuzzy-trace theory; decision making; emotion; affect; mood; memory It seems oxymoronic to apply the term "decision making" to describe adolescent risk taking. After all, if adolescents were making decisions, perhaps they would not be getting into so much trouble. Adolescents appear to react rather than decide. But this view of decision making betrays an assumption that mature decision making is cold and deliberative, that it is the result of an intentional, analytical thinking process that eschews emotion (Nisbett & Ross, 1980). We argue just the opposite. Instead of assuming that development progresses from hot intuitive thinking to cold calculation bypassing emotion, we present research showing that intuition is developmentally advanced and that emotion is integral to intuition.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Valerie F. Reyna, Departments of Human Development and Psychology, Cornell University, B44 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. Email: vr53@cornell.edu. Phone: (607) 255-9856. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptIn this article, we outline a theory of risk taking in adolescence-fuzzy-trace theory-that is grounded in research on how people represent, retrieve, and process information when they make decisions, and how decision making changes with d...

show abstract

Section: Valencementioning

confidence: 93%

Risk taking under the influence: A fuzzy-trace theory of emotion in adolescence

Rivers

Reyna

Mills

2008

Developmental Review

199

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The three image scales measured self-images related to being physically active and athletic (four items, Alpha=.73), a drug user (three items, Alpha=. 74), and a partier (three items, Alpha=.78), using items adopted from previous published studies of adolescent self-image and prototypes [32][33][34]. Satisfaction with body image was adopted from prior research on body image self-evaluation among adolescents [35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Multiple Behavior Interventions in a College Student Health Care Clinic

Werch

Bian

Moore

et al. 2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose-This study examined the effects of brief image-based interventions, including a multiple behavior health contract, a one-on-one tailored consultation, and a combined consultation plus contract intervention, for impacting multiple health behaviors of students in a university health clinic.Methods-A total of 155 college students attending a major Southern university were recruited to participate in a study evaluating a health promotion program titled Project Fitness during the fall 2005 and spring 2006. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatments as they presented at the clinic: 1) a multiple behavior health contract, 2) a one-on-one tailored consultation, or 3) a combined consultation plus contract intervention. Baseline and one-month post-intervention data were collected using computer-assisted questionnaires in a quiet office within the student health clinic.Results-Omnibus repeated measures MANOVAs were significant for drinking driving behaviors, F(2,136)=4.43, p=.01, exercise behaviors, F(5,140)=6.12, p=.00), nutrition habits, F(3,143)=5.37, p=.00, sleep habits, F(2,144)=5.03, p=.01, and health quality of life, F(5,140)=3.09, p=.01, with improvements on each behavior across time. Group by time interaction effects showed an increase in the use of techniques to manage stress, F(2,144)=5.48, p=.01, and the number of health behavior goals set in the last 30 days, F(2,143)=5.35, p=.01, but only among adolescents receiving the consultation, or consultation plus contract. Effect sizes were consistently larger across health behaviors, and medium in size, when both consult and contract were employed together.Conclusions-Brief interventions using a positive goal image of fitness, and addressing a number of health habits using a contract and consultation strategy alone, or in combination, have the potential to influence positive changes in multiple health behaviors of college students attending a university primary health care clinic.

show abstract

“…The model is based on a dual-processing approach, and hypothesises both a reasoned and a reactive pathway to health risk behaviour (Gerrard, Gibbons, Stock, Vande Lune, & Cleveland, 2005;Gibbons, Gerrard, & Lane, 2003).…”

Section: Psychosocial Approaches To Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%