Image-guided combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy using a mitochondria-targeted molecular probe with aggregation-induced emission characteristics

Abstract

Mitochondria-targeted AIE photosensitizers show multifunctions of targeted and image-guided combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy.

Responsive hetero-organelle partition conferred fluorogenic sensing of mitochondrial depolarization

“…21 Defining dysfunctional organelles with classic sensors is challenging owing to frequent loss of physiological organelle-probe affinity. Complementing mono-organelle targeting approaches, 22 the hetero-organelle responsive approach offers a new tool to study malfunctioning organelles.…”

Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications

“…Both probes were designed as potential chemotherapeutic agents. 205 More recently, the chemotherapeutic properties of another TPE-based mitochondria-targeted AIE probe, TPP-TPE-NQO1, were reported. 206 TPP-TPE-NQO1 is activated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), an enzyme that is overexpressed in various cancerous tissues.…”

Structure‐Dependent cis/trans Isomerization of Tetraphenylethene Derivatives: Consequences for Aggregation‐Induced Emission

“…[5] AIEgens thus provide an ovel and complementary approach for the design of new-generation fluorescent probes. [8] This approach is tedious and only applicable to those isomers that can easily grow into single crystals.O wing to these difficulties,m ixtures of the cis and trans isomers were reported and used in most studies, [11] which has compromising effects on the functions and properties of these molecules in various applications.W ith these considerations in mind, we herein designed and synthesized various analogues of atetraphenylethenethiophene derivative (TPETH), namely TPETH-OH, TPETH-MAL, and TPETH-cRGD (Scheme 1). Thus far, multiple functional groups have been attached to the phenyl rings of TPE to fine-tune its optical properties for sensing,i maging,a nd therapeutic applications.…”

“…[8] Thef ew separated isomers display different mechanochromic properties, [8a] and the corresponding probes show distinct biological responses to target enzymes. [8] This approach is tedious and only applicable to those isomers that can easily grow into single crystals.O wing to these difficulties,m ixtures of the cis and trans isomers were reported and used in most studies, [11] which has compromising effects on the functions and properties of these molecules in various applications.W ith these considerations in mind, we herein designed and synthesized various analogues of atetraphenylethenethiophene derivative (TPETH), namely TPETH-OH, TPETH-MAL, and TPETH-cRGD (Scheme 1). For example,p alladium-catalyzed coupling reactions can be employed to directly synthesize pure isomers, [10] but generally mainly the cis product is formed while the isomeric purity of the obtained product is not very high.…”

“…For example,p alladium-catalyzed coupling reactions can be employed to directly synthesize pure isomers, [10] but generally mainly the cis product is formed while the isomeric purity of the obtained product is not very high. [8] This approach is tedious and only applicable to those isomers that can easily grow into single crystals.O wing to these difficulties,m ixtures of the cis and trans isomers were reported and used in most studies, [11] which has compromising effects on the functions and properties of these molecules in various applications.W ith these considerations in mind, we herein designed and synthesized various analogues of atetraphenylethenethiophene derivative (TPETH), namely TPETH-OH, TPETH-MAL, and TPETH-cRGD (Scheme 1). [8a] After successful separation, confirmation of the cis/trans geometry is another challenging task.…”