Image encryption based on permutation-substitution using chaotic map and Latin Square Image Cipher

Bit-Level Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Composite Chaotic Mapping

“…The information entropy in the CCM-IEA algorithm, literature [8] and literature [9] is higher. And the value is relatively close to the ideal value of 8.…”

“…M is shown as Equation (4) (4) Firstly, each pixel a ij is converted to the 8 bit binary sequence {a ij1 , a ij2 …a ij8 }. Among them, the value of a ijk is 0 or 1, k∈ [1,8]. A matrix M 1 can be got after the operation, which size is h×8w.…”

“…Literature [8] and [9] used single chaotic mapping in image encryption algorithm. Through the comparison of the two algorithms and the CCM-IEA algorithm, the performance is verified.…”

“…If the correlation is high, the attacker can predict other pixels value by a pixel value [21]. It can be seen from Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6, whether it is horizontal, vertical or diagonal direction, the cipher image scatter in CCM-IEA algorithm, literature [8] algorithm and literature [9] algorithm are disorganized. This indicates that their correlation is low.…”

A Symmetric Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Coupled Logistic–Bernoulli Map and Cellular Automata Diffusion Strategy

“…For instance, DNA coding-based ciphers [1,2], S-box-based ciphers [3], compressive sensing-based ciphers [4,5], wave function-based ciphers [6], etc. Moreover, by virtue of the similitude to pixel matrix of digital image, Sudoku matrix [7] and Latin square [8] have also been utilized in image ciphers. Originating in the late 1990s, chaos theory-based encryption algorithms have developed significantly, and most of them employ a confusion-diffusion structure, which was first proposed by Fridrich [9].…”