Ilšu-Ibnišu, orfèvre de l'E.Babbar de Larsa. La jarre L.76.77 et son contenu

Arnaud, D; Calvet, Yves; Huot, Jean-Louis

doi:10.3406/syria.1979.6655

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The other already published weights were found, as mentioned, during J.-L. Huot's seventh excavation campaign (Arnaud et al 1979; see also Huot 1980;Bjorkman 1993). The weights were found inside a jar containing a cylindrical hematite seal, 18 cretulae with seal impressions, some gold, electro and silver jewellery, precious metal fragments and flakes, beads in semi-precious stones, and bronze tools.…”

Section: Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Since 1979, the discovery of copious epigraphic materials, primarily literary texts from the Hammurabi period, has made it possible to reconstruct life in the settlement at the beginning of the 2 nd millennium BC. The most significant discoveries include the vessel of a goldsmith which contained 67 balance weights, found in Court 1 of the Ebabbar (Arnaud et al 1979), and two kudurru from the Kassite period bearing the names of Nazi-Maruttaš (c. 1323-1248 BC) and Kudur-Enlil (c. 1264-1256 BC).…”

Section: Larsa/tell Es-sinkaramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously found weights (Arnaud et al 1979) were mostly recovered from the sacred complex of the Ebabbar dedicated to the god Shamash, which was completed by the middle of the 19 th century BC. The temple remained in use even after the conquest of Hammurabi, who drastically changed the layout sociated tablets, make this attribution uncertain.…”

Section: Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bronze Age Weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley

Ascalone¹

2022

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In this volume Enrico Ascalone presents more than 2000 weights, potential weights and other objects – mostly unpublished so far – from 20 Bronze Age sites in Iraq, Iran and India. It includes ca. 750 weights from Susa in south-western Iran and nearly 900 weights from Dholavira, Kutch district, in India. The typology, material, archaeological context and metrology of the objects is discussed. For the first time a large number of weights from the Mature Harappan culture is presented in detail. The investigations were made possible by various partners in the Iran, India and France (Louvre) and were funded by the ERC-2014-CoG 'WEIGHTANDVALUE: Weight metrology and its economic and social impact on Bronze Age Europe, West and South Asia' [Grant no. 648055].

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Section: Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Larsa/tell Es-sinkaramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Archaeological Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bronze Age Weights from Mesopotamia, Iran & Greater Indus Valley

Ascalone¹

2022

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“…Since these big sites provide highly significant data sets, the sampling in these regions did not include isolated finds. The data from Ur (5), Nippur (45), Larsa (46), Ebla (28), and Kültepe (47) are published. The previously unpublished data from Tell Asmar, Khafajah, and Ishchali were recently documented by L. Rahmstorf and N. Ialongo at the Oriental Institute of Chicago.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronze Age weight systems as a measure of market integration in Western Eurasia

Ialongo

Hermann

Rahmstorf

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Weighing technology was invented around 3000 BCE between Mesopotamia and Egypt and became widely adopted in Western Eurasia within ∼2,000 y. For the first time in history, merchants could rely on an objective frame of reference to quantify economic value. The subsequent emergence of different weight systems goes hand in hand with the formation of a continental market. However, we still do not know how the technological transmission happened and why different weight systems emerged along the way. Here, we show that the diffusion of weighing technology can be explained as the result of merchants’ interaction and the emergence of primary weight systems as the outcome of the random propagation of error constrained by market self-regulation. We found that the statistical errors of early units between Mesopotamia and Europe overlap significantly. Our experiment with replica weights gives error figures that are consistent with the archaeological sample. We used these figures to develop a model simulating the formation of primary weight systems based on the random propagation of error over time from a single original unit. The simulation is consistent with the observed distribution of weight units. We demonstrate that the creation of the earliest weight systems is not consistent with a substantial intervention of political authorities. Our results urge a revaluation of the role of individual commercial initiatives in the formation of the first integrated market in Western Eurasia.

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