“…In a seminal study, Alloy and Abramson (1979) found that depressed individuals had more accurate perceptions of the contingency between their behavior and some environmental outcome than did nondepressed individuals who tended to overestimate this contingency when the outcome was desirable and underestimate it when the outcome was undesirable. Seemingly more objective perceptions among depressed individuals have been observed in several other studies (e.g., Alloy & Ahrens, 1987;Gotlib, McLachlan, & Katz, 1988;Keller, Lipkus, & Rimer, 2002;Lewinsohn, Mischel, Chaplin, & Barton, 1980;Martin, Abramson, & Alloy, 1984;see Dobson & Franche, 1989, for a review). For example, compared to nondepressive individuals, depressive individuals have been found to attend more evenly to positive, neutral, and negative words (Gotlib, McLachlan, & Katz, 1988) and revise their estimates of health risks more accurately after receiving medical feedback (Keller, Lipkus, & Rimer, 2002).…”