Effects of deliberative and implemental mind-sets on illusion of control.

Gollwitzer, Peter M.; Kinney, Ronald F.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.531

Cited by 308 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Deliberate attention to details in the environment and intensive processing of cues requires a state of vigilance and mindfulness that is difficult to sustain for long and tends to be activated on an as-needed basis (e.g., novel situations in which prior experience or constructs may not apply, when deliberating potential action goals, or when a noticeable cue triggers alertness). Moreover, Taylor and Gollwitzer (1995) have demonstrated that nondeliberative mindsets-those in which people are more involved in carrying out goals or tasks than in conscious decision-making-are characterized by positive illusions; specifically, by greater perceptions of invulnerability, illusory control, positive mood, and positive self-perceptions (see also Gollwitzer & Kinney, 1989).…”

Section: Working Knowledge and Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Nurius

2000

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Beliefs that people hold about sources of harm and their personal susceptibility to harm have been shown to play an important role in their subsequent self-protection. With respect to acquaintance sexual aggression, women generally report low levels of perceived personal risk and, thus, low level preparedness to prevent or protect against this form of threat. In order to develop effective resistance efforts, a more complete understanding is needed of factors that shape perception of risk and how these factors are likely to influence-both positively and negatively-women's risk reduction and self-protection. This article addresses this need by reviewing recent literature on risk perception and identifying relevant applications of theory and findings to women's perception of risk for acquaintance sexual aggression. KeywordsAcquaintance sexual aggression; risk perception; social cognition Distinctions between risk perception at the population and individual levels are easily blurred, which has a bearing on whether risk data are properly interpreted, whether conceptual models are appropriate, and whether intervention and policy strategies are likely to be effective. This article focuses on individual level perception, the special challenges of perceiving personal risk of acquaintance assault within the contexts of heterosexual dating and socializing, and a social cognitive analysis of factors most likely to influence risk perception. Although women are particularly vulnerable to being blamed for assaults on them that occur in heterosexual social contexts, it must be noted that acquaintance sexual aggression is by no means limited to social situations or social relationships, that acquaintance sexual aggression also occurs between same sex individuals, and that actual prevention entails cessation of the perpetration of aggression. Focus on risk perception entails the danger of shifting responsibility of aggressive male perpetrators' behavior onto women victims. Rather than personal inadequacies or failings, the factors discussed here are normative phenomena typical of human perception in general and have been demonstrated to affect health and safety in other domains. Thus, appropriately applied, attention to

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Section: Working Knowledge and Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Nurius

2000

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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“…During a predecisional phase, individuals need to solve the task of choosing goals that are feasible and desirable, whilst during a postdecisional phase, individuals attempt to implement the chosen goals (and, therefore, attempt to promote goal attainment). By becoming involved in these different kinds of tasks, people develop different cognitive orientations or mindsets that help solve the respective task at hand (Gollwitzer & Kinney, 1989), pp. 531-32).…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Psychological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Unrealistic Optimism: Still a Neglected Trait

Coelho

2009

J Bus Psychol

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Unrealistic optimism is all around us, and it is a well documented psychological phenomenon. It has important implications in many economic and managerial contexts, yet economists, managers and policy makers still ignore it or fail to understand its characteristics. Here we investigate the psychology of over-optimism and bring to bear substantial psychological evidence that most people are prone to groundless optimism when faced with economic and management decisions. Although the policy and welfare implications of such a widespread phenomenon are vast, we argue that they have been neglected by policy makers. We end by challenging the current public policy trend of extending lending to business start-ups, on the grounds that it may create a real road to ruin.

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“…In this article, we explore the issue of mind-set congruous thought production as well as the encoding and retrieval of congruous information. As was done in a previous analysis of mind-set effects on a person's inferences (see Gollwitzer & Kinney, 1989, on illusion of control), we limit the analysis of cognitive tuning toward mind-set congruous thoughts and information to the deliberative mind-set of the predecisional phase and the implemental mind-set of the postdecisional, but preactional, phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deliberative and implemental mind-sets: Cognitive tuning toward congruous thoughts and information.

Gollwitzer

Heckhausen

Steller

1990

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

541

363

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Study 1 established either deliberative mind-set by having Ss contemplate personal change decision or implemental mind-set by having Ss plan execution of intended personal project. Ss were subsequently requested to continue beginnings of 3 fairy tales, each describing a main character with a decisional conflict. Analysis revealed that deliberative mind-set Ss ascribed more deliberative and less implementational efforts to main characters than implemental mind-set Ss. In Study 2, Ss were asked to choose between different test materials. Either before or after making their decision, Ss were given information on deliberative and implementational thoughts unrelated to their task at hand. When asked to recall these thoughts, predecisional Ss recalled more deliberative and less implementational thoughts, whereas for postdecisional Ss the reverse was true. These findings suggest that deliberative and implemental mind-sets tune thought production and information processing.

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Effects of deliberative and implemental mind-sets on illusion of control.

Cited by 308 publications

References 21 publications

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Unrealistic Optimism: Still a Neglected Trait

Deliberative and implemental mind-sets: Cognitive tuning toward congruous thoughts and information.

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