Illness perception, stress, religiosity, depression, social support, and self management of diabetes in Indonesia

Abstract

This is an integration of three studies on type 2 diabetes. In this study, diabetes was seen in relation to illness perception, stress, depression, social support, and self management. The studies conducted using quantitative approach, employing 68 participants, aged between 40-75 years old. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for the data collection. Sobel test was employed to examine the mediation states of the variables in the three quantitative studies, and regression analysis was then executed for hypotheses testing. Results show that self-acceptance were significantly related to depression (r:-.14, p<.05) without being mediated by perceived social support (r:-.16, p>.05). Religiosity approved to be significantly related to the stress (r:-.69, p<.05), mediated by self acceptance (r:-.36, p<.05). "Easily being tired in work, compared to the previous condition" was identified by most of the study participants as the cause of stress. It was also discovered that illness perception and coping strategies were not having a direct association with self-management in general. This study suspected that there was multicollinearity among 8 sub-components of illness perception, coping strategies and self-management. Conclusion: self-acceptance is the most important among others; and that participants, with family, need to have correct knowledge on the nature of the illness and its management.

How Religosity and/or Spirituality Might Influence Self-Care in Diabetes Management : A Structured Review

“…Three themes emerged: supportive, collaborative, and submissive. Forsome, God is regarded as supportive and as the source of health as well as the illness 5,20,22,29,32 ; in enhancing self-confidence 21 and freedom 41 ; in managing the disease and empowering patients in taking greater control of the illness 5,10,16,22 ; as a source of knowledge for the patients 16 and through the HCP…”

“…Religious coping has been regarded as an important strategy in dealing with calamities 41 , maintainingselfacceptance 29 ,to facilitate beneficial resolution against psychological impacts of negative life events 7,38 or to enhance self-empowerment in managing ill-health condition 2,17,46,47 . Furthermore, Baldacchino and Draper argue that due to the more general and universal meaning of spirituality; spiritual coping can be referred to utilizing any spiritual aspect in life, such as belief in a divine being, performing ritual acts to maintain harmony with others, as a leverage to enhance self-empowerment 48 .…”

“…While, to some others being fatalistic do not necessarily have a negative meaning; it gives them inner strength to manage their condition 5 . Some Sudanese people regard diabetes as a punishment from supernatural powers such as witches, whereas to others it is regarded as lovefromGod;asatestoftheirfaith 43 , or as God's will 20,29 .…”

“…Lager used several measurements to examine the relationship between religious coping, acceptance of diabetes, social supports, diabetes management, and quality of life such as the Religious Problem-Solving Scale-Short Form, Ideas About Diabetes-Revised Scale, the PRQ2000, the Religious Support Scale, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities-Revised, and the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure 27 . A multidimensional of religiosity prayer, religious reading, religious attendance, and religious belief had been used to examine their relationship with the level of depression 28 , or to diabetes self-management scale 29 .Other studies have been conducted to explore the effect of certain treatment or procedures. Two studies employed a pre-test and post-test design to measure the effect of interventional program of a self-study program to educate nurses about how to talk with patients about spirituality 15 , or the effectiveness of a faith-based health screening/ education to reduce relative risk of diabetes 14 .…”

Adaptação psicológica e aceitação do diabetesmellitus tipo 2

“…An inverse relation was seen between acceptance of the disease, depression, and anxiety. (2,9,15,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) …”