Illitization of Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous K-bentonites from Western Pontides, NW Turkey: Implications for their origin and age

Bozkaya, Ömer; Günal-Türkmenoğlu, Asuman; Göncüoğlu, M. Cemal; Ünlüce, Özge; Yılmaz, İsmail Ömer; Schroeder, Paul A.

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.08.020

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Differences in the degree of illitization exist in the K-bentonite samples from three different locations in the Zonguldak area as K-bentonites from the Çukuören village area evolved more towards the illite-dominant compositions compared to samples collected at Sapca and the Gökgöl tunnel section, which belong to the illite-smectite-rich series. This interesting issue will be evaluated in detail in another study (Bozkaya et al, 2016).…”

Section: O N C L U S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 96%

Geological features and geochemical characteristics of Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous K-bentonites from northwestern Turkey

et al. 2016

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Newly discovered K-bentonite beds, interstratified with limestones/dolomitic limestones of the Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous Yılanlı Formation, are exposed in the northwestern Black Sea region of Turkey, around Zonguldak and Bartın. K-bentonite samples collected from four different locations: the Gavurpınarı and Yılanlı Burnu quarries from the Bartın area, the Çimşir Çukurları quarry from the Şapça area, and the Güdüllü and Gökgöl highway tunnel section near Zonguldak city were investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in order to reveal their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and understand their origin and evolution. The K-bentonites occur at different levels in the Yılanlı Formation as 2–40 cm-thick, greenish to yellowish beds cropping out several hundred metres along strike. Preliminary biostratigraphic data suggest that the protoliths of the Bartın (Gavurpınarı and Yılanlı Burnu) and Güdüllü K-bentonites were deposited at around the boundary between the Frasnian and Famennian, whereas those in the Şapça and Gökgöl sections are slightly younger (Devonian–Carboniferous boundary interval). The lithofacies types of the host carbonate rocks suggest an ‘epeiric’ shallow carbonate platform environment. Illite and mixed-layer illite-smectite were the major clay minerals in the K-bentonites. The K-bentonites from the Bartın area display a high degree of illitization and consist mainly of illite indicating high-grade diagenesis, whereas illite-smectite-rich samples from the Şapca and Gökgöl tunnel locations reflect relatively lower diagenetic conditions. According to their geochemical compositions, two groups of K-bentonites were distinguished, one with alkali basalt (Bartın area and Güdüllü locations) and one with trachyte affinities (Gökgöl tunnel and Şapça locations). Geochemical fingerprinting of K-bentonites by trace and rare earth element (REE) data suggest that tephras with alkali basalt composition have been derived by a source formed in a ‘continental back-arc’ setting, whereas the source of K-bentonites with trachytic precursors is related to ‘continental within-plate rifting’. An evaluation of the global Late Devonian and Devonian–Carboniferous volcanism suggests that the bentonite precursors may be related to late-Variscan magmatism in Laurussia.

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Section: O N C L U S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 96%

Geological features and geochemical characteristics of Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous K-bentonites from northwestern Turkey

et al. 2016

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“…The illitization process in (K-)bentonites results in an increasing proportion of illite layers, thus increasing K 2 O content (Huff and Tuerkmenoglu, 1981;Bozkaya et al, 2016). Chemical weathering of (K-)bentonites can change their degree of illitization and, hence, levels of K 2 O enrichment.…”

Section: The Influence Of Chemical Weathering On the Illitization Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The illitization of smectite is akin to 'reverse weathering' in that it requires K + incorporation into a smectite precursor (Isson and Planavsky, 2018;Aubineau et al, 2019). The proportion of illite in I-S has been used as a tracer for reconstruction of the evolutionary history of sedimentary basins and hydrothermal systems (Cuadros and Altaner, 1998;Yuan et al, 2013;Bozkaya et al, 2016;Wilson et al, 2016a, b). However, chemical weathering, a widespread process occurring at the water-rock interface, can alter rock compositions and the chemical stability of minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illitization of smectite influenced by chemical weathering and its potential control of anatase formation in altered volcanic ashes

2024

msam

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Illitization of smectite in sedimentary systems, a process akin to 'reverse weathering', is a diagenetic process that has significant implications for sediment paragenesis and hydrocarbon exploration. However, the potential influence of chemical weathering on the illitization of smectite, and its possible control of the neogenesis of titanium (Ti)-oxides remain unclear. Altered volcanic tephra layers (i.e., K-bentonites) characterized by an interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) clay mineralogy serve as an excellent medium to investigate the illitization of smectite. In this study, we first investigated the fine structure of clay minerals and in-situ nano-mineralogy of This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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K–Ar age constraints on the sources of K minerals in bentonites of the Ankara-Çankırı Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Elliott

Wampler

Kadır

et al. 2020

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Illitization of Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous K-bentonites from Western Pontides, NW Turkey: Implications for their origin and age

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Geological features and geochemical characteristics of Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous K-bentonites from northwestern Turkey

Geological features and geochemical characteristics of Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous K-bentonites from northwestern Turkey

Illitization of smectite influenced by chemical weathering and its potential control of anatase formation in altered volcanic ashes

K–Ar age constraints on the sources of K minerals in bentonites of the Ankara-Çankırı Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey

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