Illite occurrences related to volcanic-hosted hydrothermal mineralization in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the age and origin of fluids

Bozkaya, Ömer; Bozkaya, Gülcan; Uysal, I. Tonguç; Banks, David

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.01.001

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The Th and salinity of inclusions measured here are consistent with the higher temperature group of inclusions (Th between 270 and 350 O C and salinities c. 1 wt.% NaCl equiv) in the previous study of Bozkaya and Banks (2016) and other deposits in the Biga Peninsula (see Bozkaya et al, this issue). However, here we have not identified a lower temperature group of inclusions that was present in previous studies and signifies a separate, later, fluid pulse.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The initial object of this study was to examine how the growth textures of the euhedral quartz crystals changed with time. The whole crystals were imaged with SEM cathodoluminescence as similar work was shown by Rusk and Reed (2002); Gotze (2009); Landtwing et al (2010); Lambrecht and Diamond (2014) and Rottier et al (2018) to 350 O C. The interpretation that the low salinity fluids were of meteoric origin and these diluted the higher salinity ore-fluids causing the deposition of ore is unproven, however, Bozkaya et al (2016) show that all the fluids have a magmatic origin and if meteoric water was involved its contribution was probably minimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Deposits that are primarily gold resources usually only show the presence of the low salinity fluid. The mixing hypothesis, when plotting salinity versus homogenization temperature, is an observational artefact based on the assumption that slightly cooler and low salinity fluids must be meteoric and has not been proven (Banks et al 2016). A similar trend can be produced by boiling of a moderate salinity fluid.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar trend can be produced by boiling of a moderate salinity fluid. Isotope studies by Bozkaya et al (2016) show that the fluids in the mineralizing systems are magmatic-dominated and variations in δD and δ 18 O are the result of equilibration of magmatic fluids with different alteration minerals at different temperatures.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct observation and measurement of Au and Ag in epithermal mineralizing fluids

Banks

Bozkaya

2019

Ore Geology Reviews

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Colloidal gold particles have been observed in c. 300 O C low salinity fluids from the Arapucandere intermediate sulphidation epithermal base-metal-Au deposit in NW Turkey. This is the first time colloidal gold has been recorded in an ancient mineralizing fluid. Growth, in veins, of large euhedral quartz crystals, after the deposition of sulphides, occurred in a number of stages from the introduction of fresh pulses of fluid. The quartz overgrowths have a fibrous texture which facilitated trapping of large elongate fluid inclusions between the quartz fibres which grew perpendicular to the crystal faces of the pre-existing quartz. Episodic periods of intense trapping of fluid inclusions occurred throughout the growth of quartz. Trapped within primary fluid inclusions are numerous particles of gold, the largest observed is c. 1 μm but most are smaller. BSE element mapping shows these to contain Au, Ag, Cu + Hg. LA-ICP-MS profiles of the fluid inclusions confirm Au and Ag is not present in solution, being present as numerous particles. We have quantified the concentration of gold in fluid inclusions which are orders of magnitude greater than has been previously measured or thought likely in crustal fluids. The average Ag concentration is c. 32 ppm and Au is c. 41 ppm but the maximum concentrations of both may reach several 100's to 1000 ppm. Calcite forms a coating on the inner surface of the inclusions and barite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite and unidentified minerals are also present with the Au-Ag particles. It is clear that the Au-Ag particles could not have precipitated in the fluid inclusions, therefore they must have precipitated elsewhere and been carried with the hydrothermal fluid. The high concentrations and their colloidal nature have implications for the enrichment of gold in mineral deposits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct observation and measurement of Au and Ag in epithermal mineralizing fluids

Banks

Bozkaya

2019

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…polytype determination (optical and electron microscopy) to prove the alteration was hydrothermal related (Bailey, 1984, 1988: Bozkaya et al, 2016. Failure to do so casts doubt on the veracity of the data and interpretations based upon it.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Alteration (Clay Mineralogy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in epithermal Pb-Zn-Cu + Au + Ag deposits at Koru and Tesbihdere mining districts, Canakkale, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey” by Mustafa Cicek and Tolga Oyman, [Ore Geology Review, 2016, 78, 176–195]

Banks

Bozkaya

2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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Influence on the oil‐gas accumulation potential of the laminated algal micritic dolomite in Jixian system from Mesozoic magmatic activities at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin, China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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The Mesoproterozoic Jixian System is widely distributed at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin. It is mainly dominated by siliceous laminated algal micritic dolomite that is a set of potential carbonate source rocks. The magmatic activities at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin were frequent and intensive, and the Tongcheng intrusion exposed in this area has an intrusive contact relationship with the Jixian System. This paper uses geochemical methods to study the influence of magmatism to lithology, physical properties, hydrocarbon generating property, and geochemistry of the Jixian System. Analysis data reveal that, with the increasing distance to the intrusion, the porosity, permeability, and content of dolomite, trace elements, and rare earth elements in surrounding rock decrease while the density and silica content increase gradually. In addition, the parameters have a weakening trend about adsorbed hydrocarbon (S1), pyrolysis hydrocarbon (S2), hydrocarbon generating potential (S1 + S2), and pyrolysis peak temperature (Tmax). The results suggest that the magmatic hydrothermalism and the thermal effect of magmatic intrusion changed the physical and geochemical characteristics of the surrounding rock and promoted the hydrocarbon generation of organic matter. However, these characteristics reflect that the magmatic activities only have a relatively small effect on the laminated algal micritic dolomite in Jixian System without a destructive effect at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin. The petroleum potential of the Jixian System is worthy to be further explored.

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Illite occurrences related to volcanic-hosted hydrothermal mineralization in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the age and origin of fluids

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Direct observation and measurement of Au and Ag in epithermal mineralizing fluids

Direct observation and measurement of Au and Ag in epithermal mineralizing fluids

Comment on “Origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in epithermal Pb-Zn-Cu + Au + Ag deposits at Koru and Tesbihdere mining districts, Canakkale, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey” by Mustafa Cicek and Tolga Oyman, [Ore Geology Review, 2016, 78, 176–195]

Influence on the oil‐gas accumulation potential of the laminated algal micritic dolomite in Jixian system from Mesozoic magmatic activities at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin, China

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