Ilheus Virus Infection in Human, Bolivia

Venegas, Erika A.; Aguilar, Patricia V.; Cruz, Cristhopher; Guevara, Carolina; Kochel, Tadeusz J.; Vargas, Jorge; Halsey, Eric S.

doi:10.3201/eid1803.111486

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Severe disease has been linked to these viruses in humans [7], [13], [43], [58], [59] and for WNV also in equines [60]. WNV and SLEV circulation in the Pantanal appears to be a recent phenomenon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence of Widespread Circulation of West Nile Virus and Other Flaviviruses in Equines of the Pantanal, Brazil

et al. 2014

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A recent study reported neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in horses from four ranches of southern Pantanal. To extend that study, a serosurvey for WNV and 11 Brazilian flaviviruses was conducted with 760 equines, 238 sheep and 61 caimans from 17 local cattle ranches. Among the tested equines, 32 were collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. The sera were initially screened by using a blocking ELISA and then titrated by 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) for 12 flaviviruses. Employing the criterion of 4-fold greater titer, 78 (10.3%) equines were seropositive for Ilheus virus, 59 (7.8%) for Saint Louis encephalitis virus, 24 (3.2%) for WNV, two (0.3%) for Cacipacore virus and one (0.1%) for Rocio virus. No serological evidence was found linking the neurological disease that affected local equines to WNV. All caimans and sheep were negative by blocking ELISA for flaviviruses. There were no seropositive equines for Bussuquara, Iguape, Yellow fever and all four Dengue virus serotypes. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in ten ranches and ILHV and SLEV-seropositive equines in fourteen ranches of two different sub-regions of Pantanal is strong evidence of widespread circulation of these flaviviruses in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence of Widespread Circulation of West Nile Virus and Other Flaviviruses in Equines of the Pantanal, Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…ILHV causes mainly asymptomatic infections in humans with rare reports of encephalitis throughout northern South America [4], [5]. Human infection with ILHV has been reported in Trinidad, Panama, Colombia, French Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador and Bolivia [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ilheus Virus Isolation in the Pantanal, West-Central Brazil

et al. 2013

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The wetlands of the Brazilian Pantanal host large concentrations of diverse wildlife species and hematophagous arthropods, conditions that favor the circulation of zoonotic arboviruses. A recent study from the Nhecolândia sub-region of Pantanal reported serological evidence of various flaviviruses, including West Nile virus and Ilheus virus (ILHV). According to the age of seropositive horses, at least three flaviviruses, including ILHV, circulated in the Brazilian Pantanal between 2005 and 2009. To extend this study, we collected 3,234 adult mosquitoes of 16 species during 2009 and 2010 in the same sub-region. Mosquito pool homogenates were assayed for infectious virus on C6/36 and Vero cell monolayers and also tested for flaviviral RNA by a group-specific real-time RT-PCR. One pool containing 50 non-engorged female specimens of Aedes scapularis tested positive for ILHV by culture and for ILHV RNA by real-time RT-PCR, indicating a minimum infection rate of 2.5 per 1000. Full-length genomic sequence exhibited 95% identity to the only full genome sequence available for ILHV. The present data confirm the circulation of ILHV in the Brazilian Pantanal.

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“…The first isolation of Ilheus virus (ILHV) was from mosquitoes of the genera Ochlerotatus and Psorophora from Brazil, especially Psorophora ferox, which is considered its main vector (da Silva Azevedo et al 2010;Laemmert and Hughes 1947). Later it was isolated also from the genera Culex, Haemagogus, Sabethes and Trichoprospon (Venegas et al 2012). In Brazil, it has been isolated also from birds, sentinel monkeys and horses (Iversson et al 1993).…”

Section: Flaviviridae: Flavivirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, it has been isolated also from birds, sentinel monkeys and horses (Iversson et al 1993). Only a few reports of isolation from humans are available (Johnson et al 2007;Spence et al 1962;Srihongse and Johnson 1967;Venegas et al 2012). Results of infection are widely variable, ranging from asymptomatic to encephalitis, but most of the cases are accompanied by fever, headache, chills, photophobia, arthralgia, myalgia and asthenia (da Silva Azevedo et al 2010).…”

Section: Flaviviridae: Flavivirusmentioning

confidence: 99%