IL-4 and IL-10 inhibition of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-dependent nitric oxide production from bovine mononuclear phagocytes exposed to Babesia bovis merozoites

Goff, Will L.; Johnson, Wendell C.; Parish, Steven M.; Barrington, George M.; Elsasser, T. H.; Davis, William C.; Valdez, Reginald

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00413-5

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…During chronic infection, lysis of the infected red blood cells (iRBC) is also mainly mediated by the NO produced by splenic macrophages activated by IFNγ and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα). This mechanism is then regulated by type 1 cytokines and is inhibited by interleukin-4 (IL4) and interleukin-10 (IL10) [46, 47]. The humoral immune response does not permit parasite clearance but several mechanisms help to control parasitemia [20]: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by IgG1, described in vitro by Goff et al.…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of Babesiae Adaptation To Their Hosts and Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission

Chauvin

Moreau

Bonnet³

et al. 2009

Vet. Res.

205

138

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Babesia, the causal agent of babesiosis, are tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa. True babesiae (Babesia genus sensu stricto) are biologically characterized by direct development in erythrocytes and by transovarial transmission in the tick. A large number of true Babesia species have been described in various vertebrate and tick hosts. This review presents the genus then discusses specific adaptations of Babesia spp. to their hosts to achieve efficient transmission. The main adaptations lead to long-lasting interactions which result in the induction of two reservoirs: in the vertebrate host during low long-term parasitemia and throughout the life cycle of the tick host as a result of transovarial and transstadial transmission. The molecular bases of these adaptations in vertebrate hosts are partially known but few of the tick-host interaction mechanisms have been elucidated.

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Section: Molecular Basis Of Babesiae Adaptation To Their Hosts and Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission

Chauvin

Moreau

Bonnet³

et al. 2009

Vet. Res.

205

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…iNOS expression is induced after IFN-and/or TNF-/receptor interaction (Goff et al, 2002;Bogdan, 2001) and regulates the production of nitric oxide (NO) that is detrimental to intracellular pathogens (Kobayashi, 2010). The toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR2 mRNAs are also upregulated in the presence of IFN-and TNF- (Winder et al, 2009) and induce innate immunity (Werling et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine mRNAs were also upregulated by intact E. ruminantium. The IL-4 secretion might indicate humoral immune activation, but it is more likely that IL-10 and IL-4 are produced to regulate high levels of NO (Bogdan, 2001;Goff et al, 2002 Cytokine profile A was measured for a total of 11 recombinant proteins ( Table 3), three that were selected using sheep PBMC and eight that were selected using bovine PBMC. These were the only recombinant proteins which induced IFN-protein production that correlated with relatively low levels of IFN-mRNA at 4 h that increased markedly overnight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Ehrlichia ruminantium proteins that activate cellular immune responses using a reverse vaccinology strategy

Liebenberg

Pretorius

Faber

et al. 2012

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen which causes heartwater, a serious tick-borne disease of ruminants throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The development of promising recombinant vaccines has been reported previously, but none has been as effective as immunisation with live organisms. In this study we have used reverse vaccinology to identify proteins that elicit an in vitro cellular immune response similar to that induced by intact E.

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“…High-affinity histamine-binding proteins involved in the suppression of host inflammatory response during tick feeding have been identified in saliva of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks [24]. It has been shown that the bovine immune system produces inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide and cytokines, in response to acute B. bovis infection [25]. Considering that lipocalin proteins suppress inflammation, it is tempting to speculate that the Lpc gene may play a role in R. microplus gut by suppressing the inflammatory mediators present in the blood meal from acutely B. bovis -infected cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing of a putative immunophilin gene in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus increases the infection rate of Babesia bovis in larval progeny

et al. 2009

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BackgroundThe cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is involved in the transmission of the protozoan Babesia bovis, the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. Interactions between ticks and protozoa are poorly understood and the investigation of tick genes that affect tick fitness and protozoan infection can set the stage for dissecting the molecular interactions between the two species.ResultsIn this study, RNA interference was used to silence R. microplus genes that had been previously shown to be up-regulated in response to B. bovis infection. The silencing of a putative immunophilin gene (Imnp) in female ticks fed on a calf acutely infected with B. bovis decreased the hatching rate and survival of larval progeny. Interestingly, Imnp was up-regulated significantly in ovaries of R. microplus in response to B. bovis infection and its silencing in female ticks significantly increased the infection rate of the protozoan in larval progeny. The results also showed that the silencing of a putative Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (Spi) gene and a putative lipocalin (Lpc) gene decreased the fitness of R. microplus females, but had no significant effect on the infection rate of B. bovis in larval progeny.ConclusionThe silencing of the Imnp, Spi or Lpc genes decreased the fitness of R. microplus females fed on a calf during acute B. bovis infection. The Imnp gene data suggest that this putative immunophilin gene is involved in the defense system of R. microplus against B. bovis and may play a role in controlling the protozoan infection in tick ovaries and larval progeny.

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IL-4 and IL-10 inhibition of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-dependent nitric oxide production from bovine mononuclear phagocytes exposed to Babesia bovis merozoites

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission

Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission

Identification of Ehrlichia ruminantium proteins that activate cellular immune responses using a reverse vaccinology strategy

Silencing of a putative immunophilin gene in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus increases the infection rate of Babesia bovis in larval progeny

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