Identification of Ehrlichia ruminantium proteins that activate cellular immune responses using a reverse vaccinology strategy

Liebenberg, Junita; Pretorius, Ashley; Faber, Erika; Collins, Nicola E.; Allsopp, B. A.; Kleef, Mirinda Van

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.003

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Omatjenne (Liebenberg et al . ). In addition, the most common tick species seen on our study buffalo, A. hebraeum, is the dominant vector for another haemoparasite, the pathogenic E. ruminantium (Norval & Horak ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Primary infection by A. marginale and A. centrale may thus increase the inflammatory response, which could accelerate the removal of invading A. sp. Omatjenne (Liebenberg et al 2012). In addition, the most common tick species seen on our study buffalo, A. hebraeum, is the dominant vector for another haemoparasite, the pathogenic E. ruminantium (Norval & Horak 2004).…”

Section: Within Guild Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within guild co‐infections influence parasite community membership: a longitudinal study in African Buffalo

Henrichs

Oosthuizen

Troskie

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Ecology

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3. This four year study followed a community of haemoparasites in free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). We detected infection by 11 haemoparasite species using PCRbased diagnostic techniques, and analyzed drivers of infection patterns using generalized linear mixed models to understand the role of host characteristics and season on infection 1 likelihood. We tested for (1) effects of co-infection by other haemoparasites (within guild) and (2) effects of parasites infecting different tissue types (across guild).4. We found that within guild co-infections were the strongest predictors of haemoparasite infections in the buffalo; but that seasonal and host characteristics also had important effects. In contrast, the evidence for across-guild effects of parasites utilizing different tissue on haemoparasite infection was weak.5. These results provide a nuanced view of the role of co-infections in determining haemoparasite infection patterns in free living mammalian hosts. Our findings suggest a role for interactions among parasites infecting a single tissue type in determining infection patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Within Guild Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within guild co‐infections influence parasite community membership: a longitudinal study in African Buffalo

Henrichs

Oosthuizen

Troskie

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…The cytokine response profiles of the lymphocytes that responded were monitored. Eleven genes were identified whose protein products induced cytokine responses similar to the recall immune response induced by intact E. ruminantium cells (84). Epitope mapping of these products is presently being conducted, with the intention of developing a multi-epitope vaccine (J. Liebenberg, personal communication).…”

Section: Recombinant Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartwater – Ehrlichia ruminantium infection

Allsopp¹

2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryHeartwater is a notifiable disease that is listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health. It is caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligately intracellular Gramnegative bacterium in the order Rickettsiales and the family Anaplasmataceae. The disease is borne by ticks in the genus Amblyomma and causes heartwater, or cowdriosis, in wild and domestic ruminants, primarily in Africa, but also in parts of the Caribbean. The disease was recognised in South Africa in the 19th Century and determined to be tick borne in 1900, while the organism was identified in 1925 and first cultured in vitro in 1985. This latter achievement boosted research into the disease at a time when biology was moving into the molecular genetic age. Over the last 20 years, there have been significant improvements in our understanding of E. ruminantium, yielding major advances in diagnosis, epidemiology, genetic characterisation, phylogeny, immunology, and vaccine development. The organism is genetically highly variable; this has important implications for future control measures, and is making it difficult to develop an effective vaccine for protection against tick challenge. Research is continuing into three different types of vaccine, inactivated, attenuated, and recombinant, and the current state of development of each is discussed. KeywordsAmblyomma hebraeum -Amblyomma variegatum -Attenuated vaccine -ControlCowdriosis -Diagnosis -Economic importance -Ehrlichia ruminantium -Heartwater -Inactivated vaccine -Occurrence -Recombinant vaccine -Tick-borne disease.Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2015, 34 (2), 557-568 AetiologyHeartwater is listed by the World Organisation of Animal Health as a notifiable disease (1). It was known in South Africa for nearly 90 years before the causative organism was identified in 1925 as a rickettsia, originally named Rickettsia ruminantium (2, 3). The name was later changed to Cowdria ruminantium (4), from which arose the term 'cowdriosis'. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the Rickettsiales in the 1990s uncovered the real evolutionary relationships within the order and the organism was reclassified as Ehrlichia ruminantium in the family Anaplasmataceae (5). Ehrlichia ruminantium, which is transmitted by Amblyomma ticks, is obligately intracellular, infects cattle, sheep, goats and some wild ruminants, and is frequently fatal. A comprehensive account of the history and biology of E. ruminantium can be found elsewhere (6). Economic and social importanceHeartwater is a serious economic problem wherever it occurs, in an enormous area covering most of sub-Saharan Africa, its offshore islands, and several islands in the Caribbean. The disease generally prevents livestock farmers from upgrading their herds to modern high-yielding breeds, as these are more susceptible to infection than traditional stock breeds, which often have a measure of resistance (7). Since heartwater is so common in the endemic areas of Africa, farmers are usually unwilling or unable to pay for definitive diagnoses, so it is difficul...

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“…47 Applied approach involved four steps: Another successful application of reverse vaccinology was in East Coast fever, highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle caused by Theileria parva, with the aim to identify a vaccine candidate antigen of T. parva that is the target of schizont-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from immune cattle. 47 Applied approach involved four steps: Another successful application of reverse vaccinology was in East Coast fever, highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle caused by Theileria parva, with the aim to identify a vaccine candidate antigen of T. parva that is the target of schizont-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from immune cattle.…”

Section: Applications and Examples Of Vaccine Development Against Vbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches and omics tools for mining of vaccine candidates against vector-borne diseases

et al. 2016

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Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) present a major threat to human and animal health, as well as place a substantial burden on livestock production. As a way of sustainable VBD control, focus is set on vaccine development. Advances in genomics and other "omics" over the past two decades have given rise to a "third generation" of vaccines based on technologies such as reverse vaccinology, functional genomics, immunomics, structural vaccinology and the systems biology approach. The application of omics approaches is shortening the time required to develop the vaccines and increasing the probability of discovery of potential vaccine candidates. Herein, we review the development of new generation vaccines for VBDs, and discuss technological advancement and overall challenges in the vaccine development pipeline. Special emphasis is placed on the development of anti-tick vaccines that can quell both vectors and pathogens.

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Identification of Ehrlichia ruminantium proteins that activate cellular immune responses using a reverse vaccinology strategy

Cited by 28 publications

References 67 publications

Within guild co‐infections influence parasite community membership: a longitudinal study in African Buffalo

Within guild co‐infections influence parasite community membership: a longitudinal study in African Buffalo

Heartwater – Ehrlichia ruminantium infection

New approaches and omics tools for mining of vaccine candidates against vector-borne diseases

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