IL-34 Is Associated with Obesity, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Chang, Eun‐Ju; Lee, Seul Ki; Song, Yong Jin; Jang, Yeon Jin; Park, Hye Soon; Hong, Joon Pio; Ko, Ara; Kim, Dae Yeon; Kim, Jong-Hyeok; Lee, Yeon Ji; Heo, Yoon-Suk

doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4409

Cited by 86 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The results showed that the mean IL-34 levels in GCF (969.44±143.27 pg/ml) and plasma (774.02±215.47) were increased in patients who were obese and had periodontitis (Group IV) compared to in the other groups, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Chang et al also found IL-34 expression in human adipose tissue, and the circulating concentration was significantly elevated in obese patients and was associated with insulin resistance 7) . Zorena et al concluded that IL-34 could serve as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker, with a cutoff value of 91.2 pg/ml for prediction of risk of vascular diabetic complications 30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Interleukin-34 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma in Healthy and Diseased Periodontal Tissue in Presence or Absence of Obesity: A Clinico-biochemical Study

Guruprasad

Pradeep

2018

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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Interleukin (IL)-34 has recently been identified as an alternative ligand for colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess and compare IL-34 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma in obese individuals in the presence or absence of periodontal disease and to determine whether they showed a correlation with disease severity. Forty patients aged between 25 and 40 yr were enrolled and categorized into 4 groups: 10 non-obese patients with healthy periodontium (Group I); 10 obese patients with healthy periodontium (Group II); 10 non-obese patients with chronic periodontitis (Group III); and 10 obese patients with chronic periodontitis (Group IV). Demographic variables such as age and body mass index score were recorded and assessed, together with clinical periodontal parameters such as the gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level scores in all groups. The GCF and plasma levels of IL-34 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the mean IL-34 concentrations in GCF or plasma were highest in Group IV, followed by Group III, Group II, and Group I, with the difference among them being statistically significant (p<0.05). These results suggest that obese individuals with periodontitis have higher GCF and plasma IL-34 levels than non-obese individuals with healthy periodontium. This suggests IL-34 as a potential inflammatory marker of periodontal disease and obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, IL-34 is expressed in human adipose tissue. The circulating concentration is significantly elevated in obese patients and is associated with insulin resistance 7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-34 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma in Healthy and Diseased Periodontal Tissue in Presence or Absence of Obesity: A Clinico-biochemical Study

Guruprasad

Pradeep

2018

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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“…Evidence suggests that obesity, insulin resistance and endothelial cell damage leading to atherosclerosis are related to adipose tissue dysfunction and ensuing low level inflammation (Lyon and Hsueh, 2003; Shoelson et al, 2006; Howell and Mangum, 2011; Kim et al, 2012; Chang et al, 2014; Dalmas et al, 2014; Fabrizi et al, 2014; Lee et al, 2014a). Increases in levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the adipokines, resistin and leptin, are thought to lead to this subacute inflammatory state (Shoelson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome is associated with exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Anniston, AL, United States

Rosenbaum

Weinstock

Silverstone

et al. 2017

Environment International

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The Anniston Community Health Survey, a cross-sectional study, was undertaken in 2005–2007 to study environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides and health outcomes among residents of Anniston, AL, United States. The examination of potential risks between these pollutants and metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia and dysglycemia) was the focus of this analysis. Participants were 548 adults who completed the survey and a clinic visit, were free of diabetes, and had a serum sample for clinical laboratory parameters as well as PCB and OC pesticide concentrations. Associations between summed concentrations of 35 PCB congeners and 9 individual pesticides and metabolic syndrome were examined using generalized linear modeling and logistic regression; odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. Pollutants were evaluated as quintiles and as log transformations of continuous serum concentrations. Participants were mostly female (68%) with a mean age (SD) of 53.6 (16.2) years. The racial distribution was 56% white and 44% African American; 49% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. In unadjusted logistic regression, statistically significant and positive associations across the majority of quintiles were noted for seven individually modeled pesticides (p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, HCB, β-HCCH, oxychlor, tNONA, Mirex). Following adjustment for covariables (i.e., age, sex, race, education, marital status, current smoking, alcohol consumption, positive family history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, liver disease, BMI), significant elevations in risk were noted for p,p′-DDT across multiple quintiles (range of ORs 1.61 to 2.36), for tNONA (range of ORs 1.62–2.80) and for p,p′-DDE [OR (95% CI)] of 2.73 (1.09–6.88) in the highest quintile relative to the first. Significant trends were observed in adjusted logistic models for log10 HCB [OR = 6.15 (1.66–22.88)], log10 oxychlor [OR = 2.09 (1.07–4.07)] and log10 tNONA [3.19 (1.45–7.00)]. Summed PCB concentrations were significantly and positively associated with metabolic syndrome only in unadjusted models; adjustment resulted in attenuation of the ORs in both the quintile and log-transformed models. In conclusion, several OC pesticides were found to have significant associations with metabolic syndrome in the Anniston study population while no association was observed for PCBs.

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“…We previously reported that interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) and YKL‐40 are associated with hepatic fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is one of the major etiologies of non‐viral HCC. Interleukin‐34, a fibroblast‐derived cytokine, promotes collagen synthesis by hepatic stellate cells, and elevated serum IL‐34 levels are found in patients with chronic inflammation, including obesity, and insulin resistance . Interleukin‐34 is also involved in the differentiation and survival of macrophages in response to inflammation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High serum interleukin‐34 level is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with non‐viral hepatocellular carcinoma

Noda

Kawaguchi

Korenaga

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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Aims We aimed to investigate the impact of interleukin (IL)‐34 and YKL‐40, regulators of hepatic fibrosis and tumor growth, on the prognosis of patients with non‐viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We enrolled 159 non‐viral HCC patients (age, 70.8 ± 8.5 years; female/male, 43/116). Of these, 86 patients were alive and 73 patients had died at the censor time point. Serum IL‐34 and YKL‐40 levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were stratified by the median level of serum IL‐34 to examine its effect on survival. Multivariate analysis and random forest analysis were used to evaluate the impact of IL‐34 and YKL‐40 on the prognosis of non‐viral HCC patients. Results Interleukin‐34 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.49; P ≤ 0.01), tumor size (HR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.37–1.94; P ≤ 0.01), and tumor number (HR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.25–1.87; P ≤ 0.01) were independent predictive factors for survival. Furthermore, the survival rates were significantly lower in the high IL‐34 group than in the low IL‐34 group (5‐year survival rates, 34.7% vs. 59.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). In the random forest analysis for survival, IL‐34 was the third‐highest ranking factor, following tumor size and number. In a stratification analysis, serum α‐fetoprotein level and Fibrosis‐4 index were independent positive risk factors for high serum IL‐34 level. YKL‐40 was not associated with prognosis in either the multivariate or random forest analysis. Conclusion Interleukin‐34 was an independent factor for survival of non‐viral HCC patients. Interleukin‐34 might be associated with prognosis through tumor and hepatic fibrosis factors.

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IL-34 Is Associated with Obesity, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Abstract: The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that IL-34 is expressed in human adipose tissues and the circulating concentration is significantly elevated in obese patients. This suggests that IL-34 is associated with insulin resistance.

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

Interleukin-34 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma in Healthy and Diseased Periodontal Tissue in Presence or Absence of Obesity: A Clinico-biochemical Study

Interleukin-34 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma in Healthy and Diseased Periodontal Tissue in Presence or Absence of Obesity: A Clinico-biochemical Study

Metabolic syndrome is associated with exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Anniston, AL, United States

High serum interleukin‐34 level is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with non‐viral hepatocellular carcinoma

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