IL-1α and MMP-9 Tear Levels of Patients with Active Ocular Rosacea before and after Treatment with Systemic Azithromycin or Doxycycline

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this paper was to determine the lacrimal concentration of IL-1α and MMP-9 in patients with active ocular rosacea before and after systemic treatment with azithromycin or doxycycline. Methods: After 4 weeks of therapy with azithromycin (500 mg/day, 3 days a week PO) or doxycycline (200 mg/day PO), lacrimal samples were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay multiplex. Results: There was a significant difference between baseline IL-1α (37.9 pg/mL) and MMP-9 (26.7 ng/mL) in rosacea eyes compared to controls (0.001 pg/mL for IL-1α and 0.2 ng/mL for MMP-9) (p < 0.001). IL-1α decreased from 47.0 pg/mL before azithromycin to 23.5 pg/mL after treatment (p = 0.024), but not after doxycycline therapy. On the contrary, baseline MMP-9 tear levels (10.28 ng/mL) decreased after treatment (8.36 pg/mL) with doxycycline (p = 0.054) but not with azithromycin. There was a strong clinical correlation of higher baseline IL-1α tear levels between patients who responded to doxycycline therapy and those who failed (p = 0.043). Patients unresponsive to azithromycin had significantly higher baseline MMP-9 levels than those with doxycycline (p = 0.040). Conclusions: While IL-1α levels decreased after azithromycin therapy, MMP-9 did so after doxycycline treatment. Baseline cytokine tear levels tend to be markedly elevated in patients with antibiotic failure, suggesting their potential role as therapeutic biomarkers for the disease.

Relationship between rosacea and sleep

“…The development of rosacea involves the activation of several immune cells and inflammatory factors 36 . In rosacea, mast cells are activated, and MMP‐9, an essential marker of mast cell activation, is upregulated, contributing to the pathophysiology of disease 37,51–54 . TLR2 is found to be elevated in rosacea, involved in promoting expression and activation of serine protease kallikrein‐related peptidase 5 (KLK‐5), leading to excitation of peptide LL‐37, contributing to the development of rosacea 12,55 .…”

Variation of Concentrations of Angiotensin II, AngiotensinConverting Enzyme and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 in Tears and Serum of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy

“…В литературе имеются данные о повышении концентрации ММП-9 в СК у больных ДР [27], однако вопрос об изменении концентрации ММП-9 в СЖ при ДР остается открытым. Имеются данные об изменении ММП-9 в СЖ при других нозологиях, например при синдроме сухого глаза [29]. В нашем исследовании концентрация ММП-9 в СК у больных с ДР была практически сопоставима с группой контроля, однако в СЖ у больных с ДР отмечалось троекратное повышение данного показателя.…”

Doxycycline Reduces Scar Thickness and Improves Collagen Architecture

“…There are several reports which indicate that doxycycline may act as a collagenase inhibitor. [32][33][34] This was not examined within this study but may ultimately explain the mechanism of reduced skin scarring with local doxycycline treatment. Specifically, collagenases are known to be excreted by fibroblasts and local inflammatory cells.…”