II. Urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol by patients with breast cancer and benign breast disease

Marmorston, Jessie; Crowley, Lawrence G.; Myers, Sara M.; Stern, Elizabeth; Hopkins, Carl E.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34835-9

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies have evaluated either urinary oestrogen excretion (Persson & Risholm, 1964;Marmorston et al, 1965;Gronroos & Aho, 1968;Argeulles et al, 1973;Grattarola et , 1974;Thijssen et al, 1975;Morreal et al, 1979) or oestrogen concentrations in the blood (England et al, 1974;McFadyen et al, 1976;Malarkey et al, 1977;Adami et al, 1979;Drafta et al, 1980;Moore et al, 1982;Reed et al, 1983Reed et al, , 1985Secreto et al, 1983;Bruning et al, 1985;Siiteri et al, 1986;Wysowski et al, 1987) of breast cancer cases and controls. These studies have suggested that post-menopausal breast cancer cases have higher endogenous oestrogen levels than controls: five of the seven studies of urinary oestrogen levels found evidence of greater oestrogen excretion in cases (Persson & Risholm, 1964;Marmorston et al, 1965;Arguelles et al, 1973;Grattarola et al, 1974;Morreal et al,1979); of the studies comparing blood levels of E, and E2 in cases and controls, three of five found higher E, (Adami et al, 1979;Drafta et al, 1980;Reed et al, 1983) and eight of 11 found higher E2 levels in cases (England et al, 1974;McFadyen et al, 1976;Malarkey et al, 1977;Drafta et al, 1980;Moore et al, 1982;Reed et al, 1985;Bruning et al, 1985;Siiteri et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have suggested that post-menopausal breast cancer cases have higher endogenous oestrogen levels than controls: five of the seven studies of urinary oestrogen levels found evidence of greater oestrogen excretion in cases (Persson & Risholm, 1964;Marmorston et al, 1965;Arguelles et al, 1973;Grattarola et al, 1974;Morreal et al,1979); of the studies comparing blood levels of E, and E2 in cases and controls, three of five found higher E, (Adami et al, 1979;Drafta et al, 1980;Reed et al, 1983) and eight of 11 found higher E2 levels in cases (England et al, 1974;McFadyen et al, 1976;Malarkey et al, 1977;Drafta et al, 1980;Moore et al, 1982;Reed et al, 1985;Bruning et al, 1985;Siiteri et al, 1986). The results of the present study provide evidence that the higher serum oestrogen concentrations of breast cancer cases are mirrored in the urine by higher urinary oestrogen excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormone levels in older women: a study of post-menopausal breast cancer patients and healthy population controls

Bernstein

Ross²,

Pike³

et al. 1990

Br J Cancer

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Summary Hormone concentrations in blood and total 12 h urine values were compared between 40 postmenopausal women with breast cancer and 40 control women in a study which carefully controlled for the possible confounding effects of age, weight and pregnancy history by individually matching cases and controls on these factors. Breast cancer cases had received only surgical treatment for their localised disease, which was diagnosed from 1 to 9 years before hormonal evaluation. Cases had 15% higher serum oestradiol levels (P=0.02), 40% more urinary oestradiol (P=0.03) and 44% more urinary oestriol (P=0.04) than control women. Cases also had higher levels of serum and urinary oestrone, but these differences were not statistically significant. The percentages of serum oestradiol not bound to albumin or sex-hormone binding globulin did not differ between cases and controls, nor were there statistically significant differences in the serum levels of prolactin, sex-hormone binding globulin or dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is determined in part by post-menopausal serum oestrogen concentration.There is a substantial body of epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence for a role of oestrogens in the aetiology of female breast cancer (Henderson et al., 1988). In premenopausal women, the major source of endogenous oestrogens is the ovary. Menopause signals a marked decline in the amount of circulating oestrogens and this decline is at least part of the explanation for the decreased risk of breast cancer associated with early menopause (Trichopoulos et al., 1972). Although breast cancer incidence continues to rise after menopause in US and European women, the rate of increase in breast cancer incidence decreases substantially. In post-menopausal women, the major source of oestrogen is the peripheral conversion of androstenedione in fat tissue (Grodin et al., 1973). This offers the most probable explanation for the association of obesity with increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women (Lubin et al., 1985).In women, 40-50% of plasma oestradiol (E2) is bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and all but 2-4% of the remainder is bound to albumin (Anderson, 1974). With the development of relevant laboratory technology, attention has focused on evaluating whether the free, non-protein bound fraction of plasma E2 is higher in women with breast cancer than in other women, as free E2 is considered to be freely diffusible into cells and biologically available to receptors in target tissues (Siiteri, 1980); this may also be true of the non-SHGB bound E2 (Pardridge, 1986). This would further explain the effect of body weight on breast cancer risk in older women as increased weight is not only associated with higher post-menopausal oestrogen levels but also with reduced levels of SHBG and, therefore, with greater 'tissue availability' of oestrogens (Siiteri et al., 1981).A number of studies have compared endogenous oestrogen and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone levels in older women: a study of post-menopausal breast cancer patients and healthy population controls

Bernstein

Ross²,

Pike³

et al. 1990

Br J Cancer

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“…Several studies of urinary oestrogen excretion in patients with cancer of the breast have been reported but the results are conflicting and confusing (Brown, 1958;Bacigalupo and Schubert, 1960;Trvine et al, 1961;Jull, Shucksmith and Bonser, 1963;Nissen-Meyer and Sanner, 1963;Perrson and Risholm, 1964;Marmorston et al, 1965;Lemon et al, 1966;Schweppe, Jungman and Lewin, 1967;Arguelles et al, 1973 (Cameron and Jones, 1972). In a previous study (England et al, 1974) (England et al, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Serum Oestradiol-17β in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Disease

England¹,

Skinner²,

Cottrell³

et al. 1974

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Serum concentrations of oestradiol-173 were measured daily throughout one menstrual cycle in 32 normal women, 31 women with benign disease of the breast and 10 with cancer of the breast. The concentrations were found to differ significantly from normal in women with cysts and to a lesser extent in those with cancer of the breast. In 25 normal post-menopausal and in 27 post-menopausal women with cancer repeated assays disclosed consistently low levels of oestradiol-17/f.

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“…In the late 1960s and 1970s, a number of hospital-based case-control studies of the relationship between urinary and circulating estrogens and breast cancer (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)) generated enthusiasm and were followed by a wave of similar efforts (7), most notably at the Harvard School of Public Health (12,(18)(19)(20)(21). Such efforts produced inconsistent results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer risk: the case for prospective cohort studies.

Toniolo

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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II. Urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol by patients with breast cancer and benign breast disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Hormone levels in older women: a study of post-menopausal breast cancer patients and healthy population controls

Hormone levels in older women: a study of post-menopausal breast cancer patients and healthy population controls

Serum Oestradiol-17β in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Disease

Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer risk: the case for prospective cohort studies.

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