II. - Structures perceptives circulaires correspondant à des formes géométriques angulaires

Michotte, Albert; Clerck, Jean de

doi:10.3406/psy.1949.8455

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…For him, causality is perceived directly, not derived from more primitive sensations through some cognitive operation, and this percept could be shown to be tightly coupled to specific higher-order attributes in the spatiotemporal events presented to observers. He also introduced the notions of modal and amodal completion (Michotte, Thinès, & Crabbé, 1964), and studied several configural influences on these processes. (For a further discussion of Michotte’s heritage, see Wagemans, van Lier, & Scholl, 2006.)…”

Section: A Brief History Of Gestalt Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 13A, for example, the perceived unity of the black fragments and the perceived shape of the black surface behind the gray occluder appear to result from visual contour completion. This form of completion of the black shape behind the gray occluder is referred to as amodal completion (Michotte et al, 1964). Although one has a compelling sense of continuity of the boundaries of the black surface behind the occluder, one does not actually see a contour.…”

Section: Contour Integration and Completionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization.

Wagemans¹,

Elder²,

Kubovy³

et al. 2012

Psychological Bulletin

1,094

799

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In 1912, Max Wertheimer published his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure-ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border-ownership, and figure-ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which will be the focus of a second review paper.

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Section: A Brief History Of Gestalt Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contour Integration and Completionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization.

Wagemans¹,

Elder²,

Kubovy³

et al. 2012

Psychological Bulletin

1,094

799

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In these experiments, control for continuous variables was obtained with a different procedure than before, by exploiting chicks' ability to recognize partly occluded objects as corresponding whole objects. Such a process is known as "amodal completion" and was originally described in human perception studies (Grossberg & Mingolla, 1985;Kanizsa, 1979;Michotte, 1963;Michotte, Thinès & Crabbé 1964), but the phenomenon has been also shown in a number of animal species, including domestic chicks (review in Vallortigara, 2004). Chicks seem to perceptually complete the "missing parts", just as humans do (Regolin & Vallortigara, 1995;Lea, Slater & Ryan, 1996;Regolin, Marconato & Vallortigara, 2004).…”

Section: Numerical Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals.

Vallortígara¹,

Regolin²,

Chiandetti³

et al. 2010

CCBR

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Studies on human infants, focused on the ontogenetic origins of knowledge, have provided evidence for a small set of separable systems of core knowledge dealing with the representation of objects, number, and space. We investigated core knowledge systems from a comparative perspective, making use of the domestic chick as a model system, and filial imprinting as a key to animal mind. Here, we discuss evidence showing precocious abilities in the chick for representing: (i) the cardinal and ordinal/sequential aspects of numerical cognition, and (ii) the distance, angle, and sense relations among extended surfaces in the surrounding layout. Some of the abilities associated with core knowledge systems of number and space were observed in the absence of (or with very reduced) visual experience, supporting a nativistic account of the origins of knowledge.

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“…to exist even when placed behind an occluded object (10)(11)(12) or that motion is continued behind objects (13). The important notion for the data of Chong et al (3) is that, whereas only the gray surface was visible, observers' knowledge constructed the object that was passing by (i.e., the intermediate grating).…”

Section: O M M E N T a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain's predictive prowess revealed in primary visual cortex

Petro

Muckli

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We humans carry around in our heads rich internal mental models that constitute our construction of the world, and the relation of that world to us. These models can be expressed at multiple levels of abstraction, including beliefs about sensory stimuli and the output of our motor programs, or higher-level beliefs about self. Advancing our understanding of the brain's internal processing states, however challenging, could lead to breakthroughs in understanding states such as dreaming, consciousness, and mental disorders (1). Computational theories propose that internal models are broadcast throughout the brain, including to sensory areas of the brain (2). Techniques to read out internal mental models will deliver insight into how our brains use beliefs or predictions to "construct" the environment. Internal models in higher brain areas are complex though, creating a paradox that they are difficult to constrain if we want to decipher the brain's coding of them. However, when internal models are fed back to sensory cortex, we assume that they are translated into sensory predictions that would intuitively have simpler content. In PNAS, Chong et al. (3) provide empirical evidence needed to drive this theory forward. Using brain reading, they show that the brain constructs new plausible predictions of expected sensory input, and that these predictions can be read out in sensory cortex.There are two information streams that coincide in V1: the high-precision retinal input that is processed with high spatial acuity and the broad, abstract, lessprecise strokes painted by cortical feedback. V1 is retinotopically organized and has small classical feedforward receptive fields. Conversely, feedback conveys information about larger portions of the visual field, giving rise to extraclassical or contextual receptive fields. By eliminating the feed-forward input to the classical receptive field, we can investigate internal signals carried by feedback, which originate from diffuse brain areas (4). There are many challenges that we need to understand, including what kind of features are signaled in feedback. In a novel variation of the apparent motion illusion, Chong et al. (3) used inducer stimuli that allowed them to show that the motion prediction fed back to V1 contained detailed texture information. The information that they were able to read out from V1 was created by the brain's prediction about an object's rotational movement as it moved through the visual field. But, in fact, this experience of rotation was never present in the sensory input to the brain-it was fabricated by the brain out of acquired world knowledge. A previous study used objects rotating in depth to show a similar construction of an unseen (but implied) object position, but only in higher areas of the visual hierarchy (5). A number of other studies have shown that internal processing is contextual, both in higher (6) and lower visual areas (7,8). The innovation of the data of Chong et al. (3) is in showing that internal processing is constructive and dy...

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II. - Structures perceptives circulaires correspondant à des formes géométriques angulaires

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization.

A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization.

Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals.

The brain's predictive prowess revealed in primary visual cortex

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